Visual Studio 2017中Armadillo静态链接失败求助

我尝试在Visual Studio 2017的C++项目中静态链接Armadillo库，但编译失败，执行的步骤如下：

• 平台设置为x64；
• C/C++ -> 常规 -> 附加包含目录：$(SolutionDir)Dependencies\include；
• 源文件中添加#include "armadillo"（也尝试过#include <armadillo>）；
• 链接器 -> 输入 -> 附加依赖项：blas_win64_MT.lib; lapack_win64_MT.lib；
• 链接器 -> 常规 -> 附加库目录：$(SolutionDir)Dependencies\lib_win64；

注：include文件夹包含armadillo和armadillo_bits子文件夹；lib_win64文件夹包含blas_win64_MT.lib和lapack_win64_MT.lib文件。

编译时出现错误：

c:........\dependencies\include\armadillo_bits\arma_rng.hpp(444): error C2760: 语法错误：意外的标识符，应为';'
c:........\dependencies\include\armadillo_bits\arma_rng.hpp(524): note: 正在编译类模板实例化“arma::arma_rng::randn<std::complex<_Other>>”的引用

相关的库代码片段（arma_rng.hpp）：

template<typename T> struct arma_rng::randn < std::complex<T> > {
inline operator std::complex<T> () const {
T a, b;
//************line 444***************
arma_rng::randn<T>::dual_val(a, b);
return std::complex<T>(a, b);
}
inline static void fill(std::complex<T>* mem, const uword N) { ... };
//************line 524***************

测试用的示例代码：

#include <iostream>
#include <armadillo>
using namespace std;
using namespace arma;

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
cout << "Armadillo version: " << arma_version::as_string() << endl;
mat A(2,3); 
cout << "A.n_rows: " << A.n_rows << endl; 
cout << "A.n_cols: " << A.n_cols << endl;
A(1,2) = 456.0; 
A.print("A:");
A = 5.0; 
A.print("A:");
A.set_size(4,5); 
A.fill(5.0); 
A.print("A:");
// endr indicates "end of row"
A << 0.165300 << 0.454037 << 0.995795 << 0.124098 << 0.047084 << endr
<< 0.688782 << 0.036549 << 0.552848 << 0.937664 << 0.866401 << endr
<< 0.348740 << 0.479388 << 0.506228 << 0.145673 << 0.491547 << endr
<< 0.148678 << 0.682258 << 0.571154 << 0.874724 << 0.444632 << endr
<< 0.245726 << 0.595218 << 0.409327 << 0.367827 << 0.385736 << endr;
A.print("A:");
// determinant
cout << "det(A): " << det(A) << endl;
// inverse
cout << "inv(A): " << endl << inv(A) << endl;
// save matrix as a text file
A.save("A.txt", raw_ascii);
// load from file
mat B;
B.load("A.txt");
// submatrices
cout << "B( span(0,2), span(3,4) ):" << endl << B( span(0,2), span(3,4) ) << endl;
cout << "B( 0,3, size(3,2) ):" << endl << B( 0,3, size(3,2) ) << endl;
cout << "B.row(0): " << endl << B.row(0) << endl;
cout << "B.col(1): " << endl << B.col(1) << endl;
// transpose
cout << "B.t(): " << endl << B.t() << endl;
// maximum from each column (traverse along rows)
cout << "max(B): " << endl << max(B) << endl;
// maximum from each row (traverse along columns)
cout << "max(B,1): " << endl << max(B,1) << endl;
// maximum value in B
cout << "max(max(B)) = " << max(max(B)) << endl;
// sum of each column (traverse along rows)
cout << "sum(B): " << endl << sum(B) << endl;
// sum of each row (traverse along columns)
cout << "sum(B,1) =" << endl << sum(B,1) << endl;
// sum of all elements
cout << "accu(B): " << accu(B) << endl;
// trace = sum along diagonal
cout << "trace(B): " << trace(B) << endl;
// generate the identity matrix
mat C = eye<mat>(4,4);
// random matrix with values uniformly distributed in the [0,1] interval
mat D = randu<mat>(4,4);
D.print("D:");
// row vectors are treated like a matrix with one row
rowvec r;
r << 0.59119 << 0.77321 << 0.60275 << 0.35887 << 0.51683;
r.print("r:");
// column vectors are treated like a matrix with one column
vec q;
q << 0.14333 << 0.59478 << 0.14481 << 0.58558 << 0.60809;
q.print("q:");
// convert matrix to vector; data in matrices is stored column-by-column
vec v = vectorise(A);
v.print("v:");
// dot or inner product
cout << "as_scalar(r*q): " << as_scalar(r*q) << endl;
// outer product
cout << "q*r: " << endl << q*r << endl;
// multiply-and-accumulate operation (no temporary matrices are created)
cout << "accu(A % B) = " << accu(A % B) << endl;
// example of a compound operation
B += 2.0 * A.t();
B.print("B:");
// imat specifies an integer matrix
imat AA;
imat BB;
AA << 1 << 2 << 3 << endr << 4 << 5 << 6 << endr << 7 << 8 << 9;
BB << 3 << 2 << 1 << endr << 6 << 5 << 4 << endr << 9 << 8 << 7;
// comparison of matrices (element-wise); output of a relational operator is a umat
umat ZZ = (AA >= BB);
ZZ.print("ZZ:");
// cubes ("3D matrices")
cube Q( B.n_rows, B.n_cols, 2 );
Q.slice(0) = B;
Q.slice(1) = 2.0 * B;
Q.print("Q:");
// 2D field of matrices; 3D fields are also supported
field<mat> F(4,3);
for(uword col=0; col < F.n_cols; ++col)
for(uword row=0; row < F.n_rows; ++row)
{
F(row,col) = randu<mat>(2,3); // each element in field<mat> is a matrix
}
F.print("F:");
return 0;
}

这个C2760错误主要是因为编译器对C++标准的支持不足，或者Armadillo的预处理器宏没有正确配置导致的，按照以下步骤调整：

1. 设置正确的C++标准版本 #

Visual Studio 2017默认可能没有启用C11或更高版本的标准，而Armadillo的模板特化（比如std::complex相关的代码）需要C11及以上支持：

• 右键项目 -> 属性 -> 配置属性 -> C/C++ -> 语言 -> C++标准
• 选择ISO C++11 标准(/std:c++11)或更高版本（比如ISO C++14 标准(/std:c++14)）

2. 配置Armadillo的预处理器宏 #

Armadillo需要通过预处理器宏来启用BLAS/LAPACK支持并禁用默认的包装器（静态链接时需要）：

• 右键项目 -> 属性 -> 配置属性 -> C/C++ -> 预处理器 -> 预处理器定义
• 添加以下宏：
  • ARMA_USE_BLAS：启用BLAS库支持
  • ARMA_USE_LAPACK：启用LAPACK库支持
  • ARMA_DONT_USE_WRAPPER：禁用Armadillo自带的包装器，直接链接系统BLAS/LAPACK库（静态链接时必须设置）
  • （可选）ARMA_NO_DEBUG：发布版本中可以添加，禁用调试检查提升性能

3. 匹配运行库版本 #

你使用的是blas_win64_MT.lib和lapack_win64_MT.lib（多线程静态版本），需要确保项目的运行库设置和它们一致：

• 右键项目 -> 属性 -> 配置属性 -> C/C++ -> 代码生成 -> 运行库
• 选择多线程(/MT)（Debug版本可以选多线程调试(/MTd)，注意对应库的Debug版本）

4. 验证路径设置 #

再次确认附加包含目录和库目录的路径是否正确：

• 附加包含目录$(SolutionDir)Dependencies\include：确保该路径下确实有armadillo头文件和armadillo_bits子文件夹
• 附加库目录$(SolutionDir)Dependencies\lib_win64：确保该路径下存在指定的.lib文件

完成以上步骤后，重新编译项目，应该就能解决这个语法错误并成功链接Armadillo库了。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user9279721