是否存在Django AUTHORIZATION模块？求现有用户认证Django项目的授权方案

Hey there! Let's break down your questions clearly using Django's built-in tools and best practices:

Django doesn't have a standalone module named "AUTHORIZATION", but it ships with a fully integrated permission and authorization system tied directly to its authentication framework (django.contrib.auth). This system covers all core authorization needs, including user/group-level permissions, object-specific access controls, and integration with third-party extensions if you need more flexibility.

Since you already have authentication set up, you can use Django's native tools to build granular authorization without external libraries. Here's how to implement it step by step:

Use Django's built-in Permissions & Groups #

This is the easiest way to assign resource-specific access to groups or individual users:

1. Define custom permissions (if default ones aren't enough)
   Add granular permissions directly to your resource model. For example:

   from django.db import models
   from django.contrib.auth.models import Permission
   
   class ProjectResource(models.Model):
       name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
       description = models.TextField()
   
       class Meta:
           # Define custom permissions for this resource
           permissions = [
               ("view_project_resource", "Can view project resource"),
               ("edit_project_resource", "Can edit project resource"),
               ("delete_project_resource", "Can delete project resource"),
           ]
   

   Run makemigrations and migrate to create these permissions in the database.

2. Assign permissions to Groups
   You can manage groups and permissions via the Django admin, or programmatically:

   from django.contrib.auth.models import Group, Permission
   
   # Create a group for resource editors
   editor_group = Group.objects.create(name="Project Resource Editors")
   # Fetch the edit permission
   edit_perm = Permission.objects.get(codename="edit_project_resource")
   # Add permission to the group
   editor_group.permissions.add(edit_perm)
   # Assign users to the group
   user.groups.add(editor_group)
   

3. Check permissions in views

   • For function-based views, use the permission_required decorator:

     from django.contrib.auth.decorators import permission_required
     
     @permission_required('your_app.view_project_resource')
     def resource_detail(request, pk):
         # Your view logic here
     

   • For class-based views, use the PermissionRequiredMixin:

     from django.contrib.auth.mixins import PermissionRequiredMixin
     from django.views.generic import DetailView
     from .models import ProjectResource
     
     class ResourceDetailView(PermissionRequiredMixin, DetailView):
         model = ProjectResource
         permission_required = 'your_app.view_project_resource'
     

Implement object-level authorization (for finer control) #

If you need to restrict access to specific instances of a resource (e.g., only the creator can edit their own resource), use UserPassesTestMixin:

from django.contrib.auth.mixins import UserPassesTestMixin
from django.views.generic import UpdateView
from .models import ProjectResource

class ResourceEditView(UserPassesTestMixin, UpdateView):
    model = ProjectResource
    fields = ['name', 'description']

    def test_func(self):
        resource = self.get_object()
        # Allow access if user is the creator OR part of the editor group
        return self.request.user == resource.created_by or \
               self.request.user.groups.filter(name="Project Resource Editors").exists()

Authorization for API clients (if using REST APIs) #

If your clients interact with a REST API, use Django REST Framework (DRF) — it integrates seamlessly with Django's auth system. You can build custom permission classes:

from rest_framework.permissions import BasePermission

class IsClientAuthorized(BasePermission):
    def has_object_permission(self, request, view, obj):
        # Custom logic: check if the user's associated client has access to this resource
        return obj.authorized_clients.filter(id=request.user.client.id).exists()

Then apply it to your API views:

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from .models import ProjectResource
from .permissions import IsClientAuthorized

class ResourceAPIView(APIView):
    permission_classes = [IsAuthenticated, IsClientAuthorized]

    def get(self, request, pk):
        resource = ProjectResource.objects.get(pk=pk)
        return Response({"name": resource.name, "description": resource.description})

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者ChiaraM