如何将Swift代码转为终端可执行二进制文件与脚本文件

Hey there! First, let's fix a small syntax error in your code—there's a typo in the last "Part" line that'll cause a crash when running. Here's the corrected version:

struct Person {
    let firstName: String
    let lastName: String
    func sayHello() {
        print("Part 1")
        print(firstName)
        print(lastName)
        print()
        print("Part 2")
        print(firstName, lastName, separator:"\n")
        print()
        print("Part 3")
        print(firstName, lastName)
        print()
        print("Part 4")
        print(firstName, terminator: " ")
        print(lastName)
        print()
    }
}
let aPerson = Person(firstName: "x", lastName: "z")
aPerson.sayHello()

Now let's break down both ways to make this runnable from your terminal:

1. Compile to a Binary Executable #

This creates a standalone file you can run anytime without needing the Swift compiler to interpret it each time:

• Save the corrected code above into a file named Person.swift (use any text editor like VS Code, nano, or vim).
• Open your terminal, navigate to the folder where you saved the file, then run this command to compile it:

  swiftc Person.swift -o person
  

  • swiftc is the official Swift compiler command
  • -o person tells the compiler to output the executable file named person (you can name it anything you want)
• Now run the executable with:

  ./person
  

  You'll see your expected print output in the terminal right away.

2. Create a Runnable Swift Script #

This lets you run the code directly as a script, no pre-compile step needed (great for quick testing and modifications):

• Take the corrected code, and add this line at the very top of the file (this is called a "shebang"—it tells your system which program to use to execute the file):

  #!/usr/bin/env swift
  

• Save the file (let's name it person_script.swift for clarity).
• In your terminal, navigate to the folder with the file, then give it executable permissions with:

  chmod +x person_script.swift
  

• Now run the script directly with:

  ./person_script.swift
  

  You'll get the exact same output as the binary version.

Quick Tips #

• If you get a "command not found" error for swiftc, make sure you have Xcode or the standalone Swift toolchain installed on your system.
• The binary is faster for repeated runs since it's pre-compiled, while the script is quicker to tweak and test without re-compiling.

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者hellothere