Python批量重命名目录中以#开头的文件及子目录

The Problem #

I needed to rename every file and subdirectory that starts with a # character in a target directory, stripping off that leading symbol. For example:

• #222_message_split → 222_message_split
• #013_message_split2 → 013_message_split2

Initial Attempt (Top-Level Files Only) #

At first, I wrote a script to handle files in the immediate top-level directory. With help from pstatix, this code worked correctly:

import os

PATH = "/your/target/directory"
for filename in os.listdir(PATH):
    if filename.startswith("#"):
        os.rename(filename, filename[1:])

The limitation here was that it only processed files in the root folder—it didn't touch subdirectories, nor did it rename directories that had the leading #.

Extended Recursive Solution #

To handle all nested files and directories, we can use os.walk() to traverse every level of the directory tree. It's important to process directories first (and update the traversal list) before handling files to avoid path conflicts:

import os

PATH = "/your/target/directory"

for root, dirs, files in os.walk(PATH):
    # Process directories first to update the tree before moving deeper
    for dir_name in dirs[:]:  # Iterate over a copy of the dirs list to avoid iteration issues
        if dir_name.startswith("#"):
            original_path = os.path.join(root, dir_name)
            new_path = os.path.join(root, dir_name[1:])
            os.rename(original_path, new_path)
            # Update the dirs list so os.walk uses the new directory name for subdirectories
            dirs[dirs.index(dir_name)] = dir_name[1:]
    
    # Now process all files in the current directory
    for filename in files:
        if filename.startswith("#"):
            original_path = os.path.join(root, filename)
            new_path = os.path.join(root, filename[1:])
            os.rename(original_path, new_path)

Key Details to Note #

• Using dirs[:]: This creates a copy of the directories list, so renaming a directory doesn't break the ongoing iteration. We also update the original dirs list with the new name to ensure os.walk() uses the correct path when traversing nested subdirectories.
• Always use os.path.join(): This constructs full, operating-system-agnostic paths, preventing errors from relative paths or hardcoded slashes.
• Process directories first: This ensures that when we get to files inside renamed directories, the parent path is already updated and valid.

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者nEWBOB