如何让GitHub Actions在特定条件下跳过后续job的执行？

问题根因 #

你当前Job级if条件不生效的核心原因是表达式语法错误：你将相等判断逻辑== 'true'放在了${{ }}表达式外部，GitHub Actions无法识别这部分判断规则，会默认将if条件判定为真，因此Job始终会执行。

修正方案 #

只需要调整两处配置，即可实现无需主动失败、无需逐step加if，不符合条件时直接跳过整个release、deploy Job的效果：

1. 把Job级if的所有判断逻辑都包裹到${{ }}内部，让GitHub Actions可以正确解析条件
2. 修复check脚本里的笔误：原脚本最后一行echo "REPO_ACTIVITY=$days" >> $漏写了目标文件，改为echo "REPO_ACTIVITY=$days" >> $GITHUB_ENV避免运行报错

修正后的完整配置如下：

name: Nightly script

on:
  workflow_dispatch:
  schedule:
    - cron: "0 1 * * *"  

jobs:
  check-if-there-are-commits:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    outputs:
      alive: ${{ steps.check.outputs.alive }}
      days: ${{ steps.check.outputs.days }}
    steps:
      ### Activity check
      ### uses GitHub API to check last non-automagic commit in repository
      ### if it's older than a week, all other steps are skipped
      - name: Activity check
        id: "check"
        run: |
          curl -sL  -H "Authorization: bearer ${{secrets.REPO_BEARER_TOKEN}}" https://api.github.com/repos/$GITHUB_REPOSITORY/commits?sha=dev | jq -r '[.[] | select(.author.type != "Bot")][0]' > $HOME/commit.json
          echo $GITHUB_REPOSITORY
          echo $HOME
          echo $(cat $HOME/commit.json)

          date="$(jq -r '.commit.author.date' $HOME/commit.json)"
          echo "Date: $date"
          timestamp=$(date --utc -d "$date" +%s)
          echo "Timestamp: $timestamp"
          echo "Current date: $(date --utc +%s)"
          echo "Difference between the current date and time of the last commit: $(( ( $(date --utc +%s) - $timestamp ) ))"
          days=$(( ( $(date --utc +%s) - $timestamp ) / 86400 ))
          echo "Days: $days"

          alive=0

          echo "Date: $date"
          echo "timestamp: $timestamp"
          echo "days: $days"

          if [ $days -lt 1 ]; then
            echo Repository active : $days days
            alive=1
          else
            echo "[WARNING] Repository not updated : event<${{ github.event_name }}> not allowed to modify stale repository"
          fi
          echo "Alive? $alive"
          if [ $alive -eq 1 ]; then
            echo "REPO_ALIVE=true" >> $GITHUB_ENV
            echo "::set-output name=alive::true"
          else
            echo "REPO_ALIVE=false" >> $GITHUB_ENV
            echo "::set-output name=alive::false"
          fi
          echo "REPO_ACTIVITY=$days" >> $GITHUB_ENV
          echo "::set-output name=days::$days"

  release:
    needs: check-if-there-are-commits
    # 此处调整了if表达式的包裹范围
    if: ${{ needs.check-if-there-are-commits.outputs.alive == 'true' }}
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      # 所有step都不需要再加if条件，Job不满足条件时会直接跳过所有step
      - name: "Verify"
        run: |
          echo "Alive? ${{needs.check-if-there-are-commits.outputs.alive}}"
          alive=${{needs.check-if-there-are-commits.outputs.alive}}
          if [ $alive == "true" ]; then
            echo "Alive"
          else
            echo "Dead"
            exit 1;
          fi

      - name: Next step
        run: |
          ...

      #- other steps...

  deploy:
    needs: [check-if-there-are-commits, release]
    # 此处调整了if表达式的包裹范围
    if: ${{ needs.check-if-there-are-commits.outputs.alive == 'true' }}
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      #- other steps 

效果说明 #

当check job输出的alive为false时，release和deploy job会被直接标记为跳过状态，不会运行任何内部step，也不会产生失败记录，完全符合统一判断、优雅中断的需求。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Patlatus