如何用PowerShell构建AD服务器选择菜单并执行远程运维任务

前置要求 #

• 运行脚本的设备需要加入域，且已安装AD PowerShell模块
• 所有目标服务器需提前开启WinRM服务，域环境可通过组策略批量配置，无需逐个操作
• 运行脚本的账号需拥有所有目标服务器的本地管理员权限

核心实现代码 #

你现有获取AD服务器列表的代码可直接复用，调整转义符后如下：

Import-Module ActiveDirectory
$serverList = Get-ADComputer -Filter 'operatingsystem -like "*server*" -and enabled -eq "true"' `
-Properties Name,Operatingsystem,OperatingSystemVersion,IPv4Address |
Sort-Object -Property Operatingsystem |
Select-Object -Property Name,Operatingsystem,OperatingSystemVersion,IPv4Address

以下是完整的带GUI的实现代码，包含服务器下拉选择框、操作下拉选择框和执行按钮，所有操作通过WinRM远程执行，无需登录目标服务器：

Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Windows.Forms
Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Drawing
Add-Type -AssemblyName Microsoft.VisualBasic

# 加载AD模块获取服务器列表
Import-Module ActiveDirectory
$serverList = Get-ADComputer -Filter 'operatingsystem -like "*server*" -and enabled -eq "true"' `
-Properties Name,Operatingsystem,OperatingSystemVersion,IPv4Address |
Sort-Object -Property Operatingsystem |
Select-Object -Property Name,IPv4Address

# 创建主窗口
$mainForm = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.Form
$mainForm.Text = "AD服务器批量运维工具"
$mainForm.Size = New-Object System.Drawing.Size(400,300)
$mainForm.StartPosition = "CenterScreen"

# 服务器选择标签
$serverLabel = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.Label
$serverLabel.Location = New-Object System.Drawing.Point(20,20)
$serverLabel.Size = New-Object System.Drawing.Size(100,20)
$serverLabel.Text = "选择目标服务器:"
$mainForm.Controls.Add($serverLabel)

# 服务器下拉框
$serverDropdown = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox
$serverDropdown.Location = New-Object System.Drawing.Point(130,20)
$serverDropdown.Size = New-Object System.Drawing.Size(220,20)
$serverDropdown.DropDownStyle = "DropDownList"
# 填充服务器列表，显示主机名+IP
foreach ($server in $serverList) {
    $serverDropdown.Items.Add("$($server.Name) ($($server.IPv4Address))") | Out-Null
}
$mainForm.Controls.Add($serverDropdown)

# 操作选择标签
$opLabel = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.Label
$opLabel.Location = New-Object System.Drawing.Point(20,70)
$opLabel.Size = New-Object System.Drawing.Size(100,20)
$opLabel.Text = "选择执行操作:"
$mainForm.Controls.Add($opLabel)

# 操作下拉框
$opDropdown = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox
$opDropdown.Location = New-Object System.Drawing.Point(130,70)
$opDropdown.Size = New-Object System.Drawing.Size(220,20)
$opDropdown.DropDownStyle = "DropDownList"
# 填充操作选项
$opList = @("服务器重启","删除指定文件","移动指定文件","解锁占用文件")
foreach ($op in $opList) {
    $opDropdown.Items.Add($op) | Out-Null
}
$mainForm.Controls.Add($opDropdown)

# 执行按钮
$execBtn = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.Button
$execBtn.Location = New-Object System.Drawing.Point(130,120)
$execBtn.Size = New-Object System.Drawing.Size(100,30)
$execBtn.Text = "执行操作"
$execBtn.Add_Click({
    $selectedServer = $serverDropdown.SelectedItem.ToString().Split(" ")[0]
    $selectedOp = $opDropdown.SelectedItem.ToString()
    if (-not $selectedServer -or -not $selectedOp) {
        [System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox]::Show("请先选择服务器和操作","提示",[System.Windows.Forms.MessageBoxButtons]::OK,[System.Windows.Forms.MessageBoxIcon]::Warning)
        return
    }
    # 二次确认避免误操作
    $confirm = [System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox]::Show("确认要在服务器 $selectedServer 执行 $selectedOp 操作？","操作确认",[System.Windows.Forms.MessageBoxButtons]::YesNo,[System.Windows.Forms.MessageBoxIcon]::Question)
    if ($confirm -ne [System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult]::Yes) {
        return
    }
    # 操作逻辑实现
    switch ($selectedOp) {
        "服务器重启" {
            Invoke-Command -ComputerName $selectedServer -ScriptBlock { Restart-Computer -Force }
            [System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox]::Show("重启指令已发送至 $selectedServer","操作结果",[System.Windows.Forms.MessageBoxButtons]::OK,[System.Windows.Forms.MessageBoxIcon]::Information)
        }
        "删除指定文件" {
            $filePath = [Microsoft.VisualBasic.Interaction]::InputBox("请输入要删除的文件完整路径:","输入文件路径")
            if ($filePath) {
                $res = Invoke-Command -ComputerName $selectedServer -ScriptBlock {
                    param($path)
                    if (Test-Path $path) {
                        Remove-Item -Path $path -Force
                        return "文件删除成功"
                    } else {
                        return "文件不存在"
                    }
                } -ArgumentList $filePath
                [System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox]::Show($res,"操作结果",[System.Windows.Forms.MessageBoxButtons]::OK,[System.Windows.Forms.MessageBoxIcon]::Information)
            }
        }
        "移动指定文件" {
            $sourcePath = [Microsoft.VisualBasic.Interaction]::InputBox("请输入要移动的文件完整源路径:","输入源路径")
            $targetPath = [Microsoft.VisualBasic.Interaction]::InputBox("请输入目标路径:","输入目标路径")
            if ($sourcePath -and $targetPath) {
                $res = Invoke-Command -ComputerName $selectedServer -ScriptBlock {
                    param($source,$target)
                    if (Test-Path $source) {
                        Move-Item -Path $source -Destination $target -Force
                        return "文件移动成功"
                    } else {
                        return "源文件不存在"
                    }
                } -ArgumentList $sourcePath,$targetPath
                [System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox]::Show($res,"操作结果",[System.Windows.Forms.MessageBoxButtons]::OK,[System.Windows.Forms.MessageBoxIcon]::Information)
            }
        }
        "解锁占用文件" {
            $filePath = [Microsoft.VisualBasic.Interaction]::InputBox("请输入要解锁的文件完整路径:","输入文件路径")
            if ($filePath) {
                $res = Invoke-Command -ComputerName $selectedServer -ScriptBlock {
                    param($path)
                    $processes = Get-Process | Where-Object { $_.Modules.FileName -contains $path }
                    if ($processes) {
                        $processes | Stop-Process -Force
                        return "已结束占用进程，文件解锁成功"
                    } else {
                        return "文件未被占用"
                    }
                } -ArgumentList $filePath
                [System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox]::Show($res,"操作结果",[System.Windows.Forms.MessageBoxButtons]::OK,[System.Windows.Forms.MessageBoxIcon]::Information)
            }
        }
    }
})
$mainForm.Controls.Add($execBtn)

# 显示窗口
$mainForm.ShowDialog() | Out-Null

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Herculeon