Python如何根据另一列表中的指定值过滤目标列表

现有代码问题说明 #

• 逻辑反向：当前写的判断条件zone == 36仅会保留等于整数36的元素，和「过滤掉排除列表所有元素」的需求完全相反
• 类型不匹配：VAV_ID_list中所有元素都是字符串类型，和整数36做相等判断永远不成立，运行后只会得到空列表

可行实现方案 #

基础版（小数据量场景直接用） #

直接在列表推导式中判断元素不在排除列表中即可：

VAV_ID_list = ['36','38','21','29','31','25','9','13','14','19','30','8','26','6','34','11','12028','20','27','15','12032','23','16','24','37','39','12033','10']
VAV_ID_exclude_list = ['36','38','21','29','31','25','9','13','14','19','30','8','26','6']

filtered_VAV_ID_list = [zone for zone in VAV_ID_list if zone not in VAV_ID_exclude_list]
print(filtered_VAV_ID_list)

运行后输出结果为：
['34', '11', '12028', '20', '27', '15', '12032', '23', '16', '24', '37', '39', '12033', '10']

优化版（大数据量场景性能更高） #

如果排除列表元素数量较多，可以先将其转换为集合，集合的in查询时间复杂度为O(1)，远高于列表的O(n)：

VAV_ID_list = ['36','38','21','29','31','25','9','13','14','19','30','8','26','6','34','11','12028','20','27','15','12032','23','16','24','37','39','12033','10']
VAV_ID_exclude_list = ['36','38','21','29','31','25','9','13','14','19','30','8','26','6']

exclude_set = set(VAV_ID_exclude_list)
filtered_VAV_ID_list = [zone for zone in VAV_ID_list if zone not in exclude_set]
print(filtered_VAV_ID_list)

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者bbartling