.htaccess强制HTTP跳转HTTPS时丢失路径问题排查

我配置了.htaccess文件强制HTTP跳转HTTPS，但用户访问http://example.com/some-page时，没有跳转到https://example.com/some-page，而是直接跳转到HTTPS的站点首页。以下是我的.htaccess文件内容：

# # Apache/PHP/Drupal settings: # # Protect files and directories from prying eyes. <FilesMatch "\.(engine|inc|info|install|make|module|profile|test|po|sh|.*sql|theme|tpl(\.php)?|xtmpl)(~|\.sw[op]|\.bak|\.orig|\.save)?$|^(\..*|Entries.*|Repository|Root|Tag|Template)$|^#.*#$|\.php(~|\.sw[op]|\.bak|\.orig\.save)$"> Order allow,deny </FilesMatch> # Don't show directory listings for URLs which map to a directory. Options -Indexes # Follow symbolic links in this directory. Options +FollowSymLinks # Make Drupal handle any 404 errors. ErrorDocument 404 /index.php # Set the default handler. DirectoryIndex index.php index.html index.htm # Override PHP settings that cannot be changed at runtime. See # sites/default/default.settings.php and drupal_environment_initialize() in # includes/bootstrap.inc for settings that can be changed at runtime. # PHP 5, Apache 1 and 2. <IfModule mod_php5.c> php_flag magic_quotes_gpc off php_flag magic_quotes_sybase off php_flag register_globals off php_flag session.auto_start off php_value mbstring.http_input pass php_value mbstring.http_output pass php_flag mbstring.encoding_translation off </IfModule> # Requires mod_expires to be enabled. <IfModule mod_expires.c> # Enable expirations. ExpiresActive On # Cache all files for 2 weeks after access (A). ExpiresDefault A1209600 <FilesMatch \.php$> # Do not allow PHP scripts to be cached unless they explicitly send cache # headers themselves. Otherwise all scripts would have to overwrite the # headers set by mod_expires if they want another caching behavior. This may # fail if an error occurs early in the bootstrap process, and it may cause # problems if a non-Drupal PHP file is installed in a subdirectory. ExpiresActive Off </FilesMatch> </IfModule> # Various rewrite rules. <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine on # Set "protossl" to "s" if we were accessed via https://. This is used later # if you enable "www." stripping or enforcement, in order to ensure that # you don't bounce between http and https. RewriteRule ^ - [E=protossl] RewriteCond %{HTTPS} on RewriteRule ^ - [E=protossl:s] # Make sure Authorization HTTP header is available to PHP # even when running as CGI or FastCGI. RewriteRule ^ - [E=HTTP_AUTHORIZATION:%{HTTP:Authorization}] # Block access to "hidden" directories whose names begin with a period. This # includes directories used by version control systems such as Subversion or # Git to store control files. Files whose names begin with a period, as well # as the control files used by CVS, are protected by the FilesMatch directive # above. # # NOTE: This only works when mod_rewrite is loaded. Without mod_rewrite, it is # not possible to block access to entire directories from .htaccess, because # <DirectoryMatch> is not allowed here. # # If you do not have mod_rewrite installed, you should remove these # directories from your webroot or otherwise protect them from being # downloaded. RewriteRule "(^|/)\." - [F] # If your site can be accessed both with and without the 'www.' prefix, you # can use one of the following settings to redirect users to your preferred # URL, either WITH or WITHOUT the 'www.' prefix. Choose ONLY one option: # # To redirect all users to access the site WITH the 'www.' prefix, # (http://example.com/... will be redirected to http://www.example.com/...) # uncomment the following: RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} . RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\. [NC] RewriteRule ^ https://www.%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [L,R=301] # # To redirect all users to access the site WITHOUT the 'www.' prefix, # (http://www.example.com/... will be redirected to http://example.com/...) # uncomment the following: # RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.(.+)$ [NC] # RewriteRule ^ https://%1%{REQUEST_URI} [L,R=301] # Modify the RewriteBase if you are using Drupal in a subdirectory or in a # VirtualDocumentRoot and the rewrite rules are not working properly. # For example if your site is at http://example.com/drupal uncomment and # modify the following line: # RewriteBase /drupal # # If your site is running in a VirtualDocumentRoot at http://example.com/, # uncomment the following line: # RewriteBase / # Pass all requests not referring directly to files in the filesystem to # index.php. Clean URLs are handled in drupal_environment_initialize(). RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !=/favicon.ico RewriteRule ^ index.php [L] RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [L,R=301] # Rules to correctly serve gzip compressed CSS and JS files. # Requires both mod_rewrite and mod_headers to be enabled. <IfModule mod_headers.c> # Serve gzip compressed CSS files if they exist and the client accepts gzip. RewriteCond %{HTTP:Accept-encoding} gzip RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}\.gz -s RewriteRule ^(.*)\.css $1\.css\.gz [QSA] # Serve gzip compressed JS files if they exist and the client accepts gzip. RewriteCond %{HTTP:Accept-encoding} gzip RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}\.gz -s RewriteRule ^(.*)\.js $1\.js\.gz [QSA] # Serve correct content types, and prevent mod_deflate double gzip. RewriteRule \.css\.gz$ - [T=text/css,E=no-gzip:1] RewriteRule \.js\.gz$ - [T=text/javascript,E=no-gzip:1] <FilesMatch "(\.js\.gz|\.css\.gz)$"> # Serve correct encoding type. Header set Content-Encoding gzip # Force proxies to cache gzipped & non-gzipped css/js files separately. Header append Vary Accept-Encoding </FilesMatch> </IfModule> </IfModule> # Add headers to all responses. <IfModule mod_headers.c> # Disable content sniffing, since it's an attack vector. Header always set X-Content-Type-Options nosniff </IfModule> AddType x-httpd-php7 .php

嘿，我一眼就发现问题所在了——你的Rewrite规则顺序搞反了！

看你的mod_rewrite区块里，把HTTPS强制跳转的规则放在了Drupal的Clean URL规则之后：

# Clean URL规则，把非文件/目录的请求转发到index.php
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !=/favicon.ico
RewriteRule ^ index.php [L]

# HTTPS强制跳转规则
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [L,R=301]

这里的[L]标记是关键，它代表“Last”——Apache执行完这条规则后，就会停止处理后续所有的Rewrite规则。

所以当用户访问http://example.com/some-page时，因为some-page不是服务器上真实存在的文件或目录，Apache会先触发Clean URL规则，把请求直接转发到index.php，然后因为[L]标记，后面的HTTPS跳转规则根本没机会运行。而Drupal处理这个HTTP请求时，虽然可能会强制跳转到HTTPS，但此时请求的路径已经变成了/index.php，所以最终就跳转到了站点首页。

解决办法：调整规则顺序 #

把HTTPS强制跳转的规则移到Clean URL规则之前，这样Apache会先检查请求是否是HTTP协议，如果是就先跳转到对应的HTTPS路径，之后再处理Clean URL的逻辑。

修改后的mod_rewrite核心部分应该是这样：

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine on

# ... 保留其他原有规则（比如protossl、Authorization、隐藏目录拦截、www跳转等） ...

# 先处理HTTPS强制跳转，放在Clean URL规则之前
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [L,R=301]

# 再处理Drupal的Clean URL规则
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !=/favicon.ico
RewriteRule ^ index.php [L]

# ... 保留后面的gzip CSS/JS规则等 ...
</IfModule>

另外要注意：如果你启用了www域名跳转规则（比如把example.com转到www.example.com），要确保它也在Clean URL规则之前，这样域名跳转和HTTPS跳转都能正常传递原始请求路径。

这样调整后，用户访问http://example.com/some-page就会正确跳转到https://example.com/some-page啦！

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Udders