如何使用Python提取学生成绩数据并生成指定格式CSV文件

需求概述 #

从文本字符串行中提取学生成绩数据，写入列规则明确的结构化文件，缺考科目统一填充-1，支持逗号、竖线两种分隔格式。

原始数据样例 #

Andrew Taggart 12345678 Math: 90 English: 78 Physics: 85
Jame Bond 1012478 English: 97 Physics: 85 Chemistry: 76
Hope Williams 1478978 Math: 89 English: 85 Physics: 76

期望输出格式 #

逗号分隔CSV格式 #

表头固定为Name, Student_ID, Math, English, Physics, Chemistry，示例如下：

Andrew Taggart, 12345678, 90, 78, 85, -1
Jame Bond, 1012478, -1, 97, 85, 76
Hope Williams, 1478978, 89, 85, 76, -1

竖线分隔格式 #

示例如下：

name|subject1|subject2|subject3
name1|23|34|23
name2|3|2|5

现有基础代码 #

import re
student = "Andrew Taggart 12345678 Math: 90 English: 78 Physics: 85"
        
name = re.split (r'(\d+)', student) [0] #extract name 
# Output: Andrew Taggart
ID = re.split (r'(\d+)', student) [1] #extract ID 
# Output: 12345678 

headers = ["Math", "English", "Physics", "Chemistry"] 
grade = re.findall(r"[-+]?\d*\.\d+|\d+", student) [1:] 
# Output: ["90", "70", "85"]
student_grade = list (i.strip().replace(":", "") for i in re.split (r"(\d+.\d+|\d+')", student)) [2:-1] 
# Output: ["Math", "90", "English", "78", "Physics", "85"]

完整实现代码 #

import re
import csv

# 全局配置：固定表头
FULL_HEADERS = ["Name", "Student_ID", "Math", "English", "Physics", "Chemistry"]
SUBJECT_LIST = FULL_HEADERS[2:]

def parse_single_student(line: str) -> list:
    """解析单条学生成绩文本行，返回固定顺序的结构化数据"""
    # 提取姓名、学号
    split_parts = re.split(r'(\d+)', line, maxsplit=1)
    name = split_parts[0].strip()
    student_id = split_parts[1].strip()
    # 提取科目-分数对并转为字典
    subject_score_raw = [i.strip().replace(":", "") for i in re.split(r'(\d+\.?\d*)', line) if i.strip()][2:]
    score_map = dict(zip(subject_score_raw[::2], subject_score_raw[1::2]))
    # 按固定顺序拼接结果，缺科填充-1
    result = [name, student_id]
    for sub in SUBJECT_LIST:
        result.append(score_map.get(sub, "-1"))
    return result

def export_file(data: list[list], output_path: str, separator: str = ","):
    """将解析后的结构化数据导出为指定分隔符的文件"""
    if separator == ",":
        # 逗号分隔用csv模块处理，避免特殊字符冲突
        with open(output_path, "w", newline="", encoding="utf-8") as f:
            writer = csv.writer(f)
            writer.writerow(FULL_HEADERS)
            writer.writerows(data)
    else:
        # 自定义分隔符直接拼接写入
        with open(output_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
            f.write(separator.join(FULL_HEADERS) + "\n")
            for row in data:
                f.write(separator.join(row) + "\n")

# 调用示例
if __name__ == "__main__":
    # 原始数据行，可替换为从txt文件读取的内容
    raw_data = [
        "Andrew Taggart 12345678 Math: 90 English: 78 Physics: 85",
        "Jame Bond 1012478 English: 97 Physics: 85 Chemistry: 76",
        "Hope Williams 1478978 Math: 89 English: 85 Physics: 76"
    ]
    # 批量解析所有行
    parsed_data = [parse_single_student(line) for line in raw_data]
    # 导出逗号分隔CSV
    export_file(parsed_data, "student_score.csv", separator=",")
    # 导出竖线分隔格式文件
    export_file(parsed_data, "student_score.txt", separator="|")

代码说明 #

• 解析逻辑兼容整数、小数类型的成绩，自动过滤冗余的空白字符
• 缺考科目自动填充-1，输出列顺序完全匹配需求要求的固定表头
• 只需修改separator参数即可切换逗号、竖线两种输出格式
• 支持批量处理任意行数的原始文本数据，可直接对接从TXT文件逐行读取的输入源

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Việt Thắng