如何在Windows中用Python控制指定USB端口实现U盘自动插拔？

Hey there! Let's tackle your USB automation problem step by step. First, that subprocess.run error happens because this method was added in Python 3.5—if you're stuck on an older Python version, we'll use compatible alternatives. Also, keep in mind this script needs to run with administrator privileges (since enabling/disabling hardware requires elevated access).

Here's a complete, test-ready Python script that handles USB device detection, repeated plug/unplug simulation, and error handling:

import subprocess
import time
import re

def get_devcon_output(cmd_args):
    """Wrapper for subprocess to work across Python versions <3.5"""
    try:
        # Use run if available (Python 3.5+)
        result = subprocess.run(cmd_args, capture_output=True, text=True, check=True)
        return result.stdout
    except AttributeError:
        # Fallback for older Python versions
        proc = subprocess.Popen(cmd_args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, shell=False)
        stdout, _ = proc.communicate()
        return stdout.decode('utf-8', errors='ignore')

def get_target_usb_hwid(target_desc="USB Mass Storage Device"):
    """Fetch HWID of the target USB drive (adjust target_desc as needed)"""
    # Run devcon to list all USB devices
    output = get_devcon_output(['devcon', 'hwids', '=usb'])
    
    # Parse output to find the target device's HWID
    hwid_pattern = re.compile(r'HWID\s*:\s*(.*)')
    device_blocks = output.split('\n\n')
    
    for block in device_blocks:
        if target_desc in block:
            match = hwid_pattern.search(block)
            if match:
                return match.group(1).strip()
    
    raise RuntimeError(f"Target USB device with description '{target_desc}' not found!")

def toggle_usb_device(hwid, enable=True):
    """Enable or disable a USB device using devcon"""
    cmd = ['devcon', 'enable', hwid] if enable else ['devcon', 'disable', hwid]
    try:
        get_devcon_output(cmd)
        action = "enabled" if enable else "disabled"
        print(f"Successfully {action} device: {hwid}")
        return True
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        print(f"Failed to {action} device: {e}")
        return False

def simulate_usb_plug_unplug(cycles=200, delay=2):
    """Simulate USB plug/unplug for specified cycles"""
    try:
        # Get target USB HWID (adjust the description to match your drive)
        target_hwid = get_target_usb_hwid("USB Mass Storage Device")
        print(f"Target USB device HWID: {target_hwid}")
        
        for cycle in range(1, cycles+1):
            print(f"\n--- Cycle {cycle}/{cycles} ---")
            # Disable (unplug)
            if not toggle_usb_device(target_hwid, enable=False):
                print("Aborting cycle due to error")
                break
            time.sleep(delay)
            
            # Enable (plug back in)
            if not toggle_usb_device(target_hwid, enable=True):
                print("Aborting cycle due to error")
                break
            time.sleep(delay)
        
        print("\nUSB plug/unplug simulation completed!")
    
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Error during simulation: {str(e)}")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # Adjust cycles and delay as needed for your test
    simulate_usb_plug_unplug(cycles=200, delay=1)

Key Notes for Integration: #

• Devcon Setup: Make sure devcon.exe is in your system PATH, or replace 'devcon' with the full path to the executable (e.g., r'C:\path\to\devcon.exe').
• Target Device Identification: Modify the target_desc parameter in get_target_usb_hwid() to match your USB drive's description (find it via Device Manager, or use VID/PID like 'VID_XXXX&PID_XXXX' for more precision).
• Permissions: Always run this script as Administrator—right-click your Python IDE/terminal and select "Run as administrator".
• Python Version Compatibility: The get_devcon_output() function handles both Python 3.5+ (using subprocess.run) and older versions (falling back to subprocess.Popen).
• Test Adjustments: Tweak the cycles and delay parameters to match your test requirements (shorter delay for faster cycles, longer delay if the system needs time to recognize the device).

Troubleshooting Tips: #

• If devcon throws "No matching devices found", double-check your target device description or HWID.
• Permission errors? Ensure you're running the script with elevated privileges.
• Device not re-enabling? Increase the delay to give the system time to process the disable/enable commands.

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者root