如何在R中绘制含X1~X7多指标的年度趋势折线图

ggplot2 实现 #

你当前代码的核心问题是未将宽格式的原始数据转为ggplot所需的长（tidy）格式，且未正确配置分组映射，完整可运行代码如下：

# 加载依赖包
library(tidyverse)
library(viridis)
library(plotly)
# 若使用theme_ipsum需要额外加载hrbrthemes包，未安装可先运行install.packages("hrbrthemes")
# library(hrbrthemes)

# 构造测试数据，如果你已有数据可跳过这一步直接读取
data <- data.frame(
  Year = c(2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008),
  X1 = c(0.91, 0.57, 1.30, 0.44, 1.69),
  X2 = c(0.23, -0.03, -0.43, 0.63, 0.34),
  X3 = c(0.28, 0.88, 1.95, 0.60, -2.81),
  X4 = c(1.02, 0.52, 1.27, 0.34, -2.41),
  X5 = c(0.90, 0.47, 1.00, 0.60, -1.80),
  X6 = c(0.95, 0.55, 1.19, 0.50, -1.87),
  X7 = c(0.94, 0.56, 1.26, 0.46, -1.83)
)

# 宽数据转长格式
data_long <- data %>%
  pivot_longer(cols = -Year, names_to = "indicator", values_to = "value")

# 绘制折线图
p <- data_long %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = Year, y = value, color = indicator, group = indicator)) +
  geom_line(linewidth = 1) +
  scale_color_viridis(discrete = TRUE) +
  ggtitle("multiple X over time") +
  xlab("年份") +
  ylab("指标值") +
  # 不需要图例可打开下一行注释
  # theme(legend.position = "none") +
  theme_minimal()
  # 要使用theme_ipsum替换上面的theme_minimal即可
  # theme_ipsum()

# 静态图输出
print(p)

# 交互式图输出
ggplotly(p)

基础R实现 #

基础R中可以用matplot快速实现多折线图，无需数据格式转换，代码更简洁：

# 提取x轴年份和y轴指标矩阵
year_vec <- data$Year
val_matrix <- as.matrix(data[, -1])

# 绘制多折线图
matplot(
  x = year_vec, 
  y = val_matrix, 
  type = "l", 
  lty = 1, 
  lwd = 2,
  col = viridis::viridis(7), # 也可直接写col = 1:7使用默认颜色
  main = "multiple X over time",
  xlab = "年份",
  ylab = "指标值"
)

# 添加图例
legend(
  "topright",
  legend = colnames(val_matrix),
  col = viridis::viridis(7),
  lty = 1,
  lwd = 2,
  cex = 0.8
)

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者dbraeuni