Gluon+GraalVM编译的JavaFX程序在部分Linux系统显示空白窗口

我开发了一款简单的JavaFX应用，通过Gluon Maven插件配合GraalVM编译为二进制文件，但该二进制文件在部分系统（例如全新安装的Linux桌面）上运行时仅显示空白窗口。本次编译通过Github Action执行，运行的命令为mvn -Pdesktop gluonfx:build gluonfx:package。
请问该二进制文件仅能在部分Linux系统正常运行的原因是什么，该如何解决？

pom.xml配置如下：

<plugin>
<groupId>com.gluonhq</groupId>
<artifactId>gluonfx-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.0.4</version>
<configuration>
    <mainClass>com.alinares.colorselectorfx.App</mainClass>
    <enableSWRendering>true</enableSWRendering>
    <nativeImageArgs>
          <arg>-Dprism.verbose=true</arg>
    </nativeImageArgs>
</configuration>
</plugin>

栈追踪信息如下：

WARNING: Unsupported JavaFX configuration: classes were loaded from 'unnamed module @1edfedf1'
java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: com.sun.pisces.JavaSurface.initialize(III)V [symbol: Java_com_sun_pisces_JavaSurface_initialize or Java_com_sun_pisces_JavaSurface_initialize__III]
    at com.oracle.svm.jni.access.JNINativeLinkage.getOrFindEntryPoint(JNINativeLinkage.java:153)
    at com.oracle.svm.jni.JNIGeneratedMethodSupport.nativeCallAddress(JNIGeneratedMethodSupport.java:57)
    at com.sun.pisces.JavaSurface.initialize(JavaSurface.java)
    at com.sun.pisces.JavaSurface.<init>(JavaSurface.java:45)
    at com.sun.prism.sw.SWRTTexture.<init>(SWRTTexture.java:51)
    at com.sun.prism.sw.SWResourceFactory.createRTTexture(SWResourceFactory.java:135)
    at com.sun.prism.sw.SWResourceFactory.createRTTexture(SWResourceFactory.java:124)
    at com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.UploadingPainter.run(UploadingPainter.java:125)
    at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:515)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.runAndReset(FutureTask.java:305)
    at com.sun.javafx.tk.RenderJob.run(RenderJob.java:58)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1128)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:628)
    at com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.QuantumRenderer$PipelineRunnable.run(QuantumRenderer.java:126)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:829)
    at com.oracle.svm.core.thread.JavaThreads.threadStartRoutine(JavaThreads.java:552)
    at com.oracle.svm.core.posix.thread.PosixJavaThreads.pthreadStartRoutine(PosixJavaThreads.java:192)

更新信息 #

为二进制文件添加-Dprism.verbose=true参数后运行，日志如下：

Aug 19, 2021 10:58:33 PM com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl startup
WARNING: Unsupported JavaFX configuration: classes were loaded from 'unnamed module @11bd803'
Prism pipeline init order: es2 sw 
Using Double Precision Marlin Rasterizer
Using dirty region optimizations
Not using texture mask for primitives
Not forcing power of 2 sizes for textures
Using hardware CLAMP_TO_ZERO mode
Opting in for HiDPI pixel scaling
Prism pipeline name = com.sun.prism.es2.ES2Pipeline
Loading ES2 native library ... prism_es2
    succeeded.
GLFactory using com.sun.prism.es2.X11GLFactory
(X) Got class = class com.sun.prism.es2.ES2Pipeline
Failed Graphics Hardware Qualifier check.
System GPU doesn't meet the es2 pipe requirement
GraphicsPipeline.createPipeline: error initializing pipeline com.sun.prism.es2.ES2Pipeline
*** Fallback to Prism SW pipeline
Prism pipeline name = com.sun.prism.sw.SWPipeline
(X) Got class = class com.sun.prism.sw.SWPipeline
Initialized prism pipeline: com.sun.prism.sw.SWPipeline
 vsync: true vpipe: false
java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: com.sun.pisces.JavaSurface.initialize(III)V [symbol: Java_com_sun_pisces_JavaSurface_initialize or Java_com_sun_pisces_JavaSurface_initialize__III]
    at com.oracle.svm.jni.access.JNINativeLinkage.getOrFindEntryPoint(JNINativeLinkage.java:153)
    at com.oracle.svm.jni.JNIGeneratedMethodSupport.nativeCallAddress(JNIGeneratedMethodSupport.java:57)
    at com.sun.pisces.JavaSurface.initialize(JavaSurface.java)
    at com.sun.pisces.JavaSurface.<init>(JavaSurface.java:45)
    at com.sun.prism.sw.SWRTTexture.<init>(SWRTTexture.java:51)
    at com.sun.prism.sw.SWResourceFactory.createRTTexture(SWResourceFactory.java:135)
    at com.sun.prism.sw.SWResourceFactory.createRTTexture(SWResourceFactory.java:124)
    at com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.UploadingPainter.run(UploadingPainter.java:125)
    at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:515)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.runAndReset(FutureTask.java:305)
    at com.sun.javafx.tk.RenderJob.run(RenderJob.java:58)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1128)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:628)
    at com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.QuantumRenderer$PipelineRunnable.run(QuantumRenderer.java:126)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:829)
    at com.oracle.svm.core.thread.JavaThreads.threadStartRoutine(JavaThreads.java:567)
    at com.oracle.svm.core.posix.thread.PosixJavaThreads.pthreadStartRoutine(PosixJavaThreads.java:192)

目前我已经在pom.xml中添加了<enableSWRendering>true</enableSWRendering>配置，且在执行gluonfx:runagent后，将com.sun.pisces.JavaSurface.initialize分别添加到了reflect-config.json和jni-config.json文件中，但问题仍未解决。

问题原因 #

• 触发条件差异：在显卡驱动正常、支持OpenGL 2.0+的系统上，JavaFX默认使用ES2硬件渲染管线，不会触发软件渲染逻辑，因此不会调用com.sun.pisces.JavaSurface的native方法，运行正常；而在无GPU、驱动缺失或老旧的系统上，ES2管线初始化失败，回退到SW软件渲染管线，此时就会调用pisces库的native方法。
• 根本原因：你使用的gluonfx-maven-plugin 1.0.4版本存在已知bug，手动添加的JNI配置无法正确将pisces库的native符号打包进最终二进制文件，静态编译时遗漏了该方法的符号链接，回退到软件渲染时就会抛出UnsatisfiedLinkError，导致界面绘制失败显示空白窗口。

解决方案 #

• 方案1：优先升级gluonfx-maven-plugin到1.0.8及以上版本，该版本已经修复了软件渲染相关的native符号打包问题，不需要额外手动添加JNI/反射配置，重新编译即可解决问题。
• 方案2：如果无法升级插件，在pom的nativeImageArgs中添加参数-H:JNIConfigurationResources=META-INF/native-image/jni-config.json，确认你的jni-config.json中完整配置了com.sun.pisces.*包下所有native方法的入口；同时在<runtimeArgs>中添加-Dprism.forceGPU=true参数，优先强制使用硬件渲染，降低软件渲染触发概率。
• 方案3：编译时选用兼容性更好的系统环境，Github Action的编译镜像选用Ubuntu 20.04版本，避免高版本glibc编译出的二进制在低版本系统上出现符号不兼容问题，提升二进制文件的跨系统兼容性。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user547972