Google Play上架应用偶发Firebase相关IllegalArgumentException如何排查

你给出的崩溃堆栈如下：

java.lang.RuntimeException: 
  at android.app.ActivityThread.installProvider (ActivityThread.java:7251)
  at android.app.ActivityThread.installContentProviders (ActivityThread.java:6787)
  at android.app.ActivityThread.handleBindApplication (ActivityThread.java:6704)
  at android.app.ActivityThread.access$1300 (ActivityThread.java:237)
  at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage (ActivityThread.java:1913)
  at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage (Handler.java:106)
  at android.os.Looper.loop (Looper.java:223)
  at android.app.ActivityThread.main (ActivityThread.java:7664)
  at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke (Native Method)
  at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run (RuntimeInit.java:592)
  at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main (ZygoteInit.java:947)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: 
  at com.google.android.gms.common.internal.Preconditions.checkNotEmpty (Preconditions.java:8)
  at com.google.firebase.iid.FirebaseInstanceId.checkRequiredFirebaseOptions (FirebaseInstanceId.java:52)
  at com.google.firebase.iid.FirebaseInstanceId.getInstance (FirebaseInstanceId.java:2)
  at com.google.firebase.iid.FirebaseInstanceId.getInstance (FirebaseInstanceId.java:1)
  at com.google.firebase.iid.Store.checkForRestore (Store.java:15)
  at com.google.firebase.iid.Store.<init> (Store.java:5)
  at com.google.firebase.iid.FirebaseInstanceId.<init> (FirebaseInstanceId.java:16)
  at com.google.firebase.iid.FirebaseInstanceId.<init> (FirebaseInstanceId.java:8)
  at com.google.firebase.iid.Registrar.lambda$getComponents$0$Registrar (Registrar.java:26)
  at com.google.firebase.iid.Registrar$$Lambda$0.create (Registrar.java)
  at com.google.firebase.components.ComponentRuntime.lambda$new$0 (ComponentRuntime.java:69)
  at com.google.firebase.components.ComponentRuntime$$Lambda$1.get (ComponentRuntime.java:4)
  at com.google.firebase.components.Lazy.get (Lazy.java:53)
  at com.google.firebase.components.AbstractComponentContainer.get (AbstractComponentContainer.java:27)
  at com.google.firebase.components.RestrictedComponentContainer.get (RestrictedComponentContainer.java:83)
  at com.google.firebase.messaging.FirebaseMessagingRegistrar.lambda$getComponents$0$FirebaseMessagingRegistrar (FirebaseMessagingRegistrar.java:21)
  at com.google.firebase.messaging.FirebaseMessagingRegistrar$$Lambda$0.create (FirebaseMessagingRegistrar.java)
  at com.google.firebase.components.ComponentRuntime.lambda$new$0 (ComponentRuntime.java:69)
  at com.google.firebase.components.ComponentRuntime$$Lambda$1.get (ComponentRuntime.java:4)
  at com.google.firebase.components.Lazy.get (Lazy.java:53)
  at com.google.firebase.components.ComponentRuntime.initializeEagerComponents (ComponentRuntime.java:158)
  at com.google.firebase.FirebaseApp.initializeAllApis (FirebaseApp.java:563)
  at com.google.firebase.FirebaseApp.initializeApp (FirebaseApp.java:304)
  at com.google.firebase.FirebaseApp.initializeApp (FirebaseApp.java:268)
  at com.google.firebase.FirebaseApp.initializeApp (FirebaseApp.java:253)
  at com.google.firebase.provider.FirebaseInitProvider.onCreate (FirebaseInitProvider.java:51)
  at android.content.ContentProvider.attachInfo (ContentProvider.java:2388)
  at android.content.ContentProvider.attachInfo (ContentProvider.java:2358)
  at com.google.firebase.provider.FirebaseInitProvider.attachInfo (FirebaseInitProvider.java:45)
  at android.app.ActivityThread.installProvider (ActivityThread.java:7246)
  ... 10 more

该异常是Firebase初始化校验必填参数时触发的，checkRequiredFirebaseOptions方法校验到核心配置项为空，才抛出IllegalArgumentException。偶发不复现的情况多和特殊用户场景有关，可按以下步骤排查：

1. 确认配置文件正确性 #

• 核对打包所用的google-services.json和Firebase控制台对应应用的配置完全一致，确认project_id、api_key、mobilesdk_app_id三个核心字段无缺失
• 如果存在多构建变体/多渠道包，确认每个变体对应的google-services.json放置在正确的资源目录下，没有混用不同应用的配置

2. 检查自定义初始化逻辑 #

• 若你手动调用了FirebaseApp.initializeApp()进行初始化，确认你构造FirebaseOptions时所有必填参数都不为空，排除动态获取参数时偶发空值的情况
• 若你没有做自定义初始化，确认没有通过Manifest配置禁用默认FirebaseInitProvider后遗漏了手动初始化逻辑

3. 排查备份还原场景触发问题 #

• 绝大多数偶发无法复现的该类错误，都是用户触发了系统应用备份还原功能导致的：老设备备份了应用本地缓存的Firebase标识数据，还原到新设备时数据损坏/丢失，触发初始化校验失败
• 可在AndroidManifest中配置FirebaseInitProvider的android:allowBackup="false"，或关闭应用全局的备份功能，避免备份Firebase相关的本地缓存数据

4. 添加兜底逻辑避免崩溃 #

• 禁用Firebase默认自动初始化，在应用启动阶段异步执行Firebase初始化逻辑，添加try-catch捕获异常，出现初始化失败时可延迟重试，避免应用直接崩溃
• 可在崩溃上报组件中添加自定义日志，打印初始化时用到的Firebase配置参数，后续出现崩溃时可直接定位到具体缺失的参数项

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Kaepxer