Unity3D中如何为已有移动脚本的角色实现跳跃和下蹲功能

跳跃功能实现要点 #

• CharacterController 组件不自带重力模拟，需要自行维护垂直方向速度变量实现下落与跳跃逻辑
• 新增可配置参数：重力值gravity、跳跃高度jumpHeight，新增私有变量存储垂直速度yVelocity
• 每帧通过controller.isGrounded判断角色是否接地，接地时将垂直速度置为小负值，避免地面判定异常
• 检测到跳跃输入（默认Space键）且角色接地时，通过自由落体公式反推初始跳跃速度，实现指定高度的跳跃
• 每帧将重力叠加到垂直速度，最终合并到controller.Move的位移参数中生效

下蹲功能实现要点 #

• 新增可配置参数：下蹲高度crouchHeight、下蹲移速crouchSpeed、下蹲触发键crouchKey，新增私有变量存储站立状态的控制器原始高度、原始移速
• 按下下蹲键时，直接修改CharacterController的高度为下蹲高度，同步降低移动速度
• 松开下蹲键时，先通过射线检测角色头顶是否存在障碍物，无遮挡时再还原控制器高度和移速，避免出现穿模问题
• 可根据项目需求同步修改角色模型缩放、播放下蹲动画，匹配视觉表现

完整修改后的代码 #

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class Movement : MonoBehaviour
{
    public CharacterController controller;
    public Transform cam;
    public float speed = 6f;
    public float turnsmoothT = 0.1f;
    // 跳跃相关参数
    public float gravity = -9.81f;
    public float jumpHeight = 2f;
    // 下蹲相关参数
    public float crouchHeight = 1f;
    public float crouchSpeed = 3f;
    public KeyCode crouchKey = KeyCode.LeftControl;

    float turnsmoothV;
    private float yVelocity;
    private float originalHeight;
    private float originalSpeed;

    void Start()
    {
        // 初始化记录原始高度与移速
        originalHeight = controller.height;
        originalSpeed = speed;
    }

    void Update()
    {
        float horizontal = Input.GetAxisRaw("Horizontal");
        float vertical = Input.GetAxisRaw("Vertical");
        Vector3 direction = new Vector3(horizontal, 0f, vertical).normalized;
        bool isGrounded = controller.isGrounded;

        // 接地时重置垂直速度，避免判定异常
        if (isGrounded && yVelocity < 0)
        {
            yVelocity = -2f;
        }

        // 跳跃逻辑
        if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Space) && isGrounded)
        {
            yVelocity = Mathf.Sqrt(jumpHeight * -2f * gravity);
        }

        // 下蹲逻辑
        if (Input.GetKeyDown(crouchKey))
        {
            controller.height = crouchHeight;
            speed = crouchSpeed;
        }
        if (Input.GetKeyUp(crouchKey))
        {
            // 检测头顶是否有障碍物，避免穿模
            bool hasObstacleAbove = Physics.Raycast(transform.position, Vector3.up, originalHeight - controller.height);
            if (!hasObstacleAbove)
            {
                controller.height = originalHeight;
                speed = originalSpeed;
            }
        }

        if (direction.magnitude >= 0.1f)
        {
            float targetAngle = Mathf.Atan2(direction.x, direction.z) * Mathf.Rad2Deg + cam.eulerAngles.y;
            float angle = Mathf.SmoothDampAngle(transform.eulerAngles.y, targetAngle, ref turnsmoothV, turnsmoothT);
            transform.rotation = Quaternion.Euler(0f, angle, 0f);
            Vector3 moveDir = Quaternion.Euler(0f, targetAngle, 0f) * Vector3.forward;
            controller.Move(moveDir.normalized * speed * Time.deltaTime);
        }

        // 应用重力与垂直速度
        yVelocity += gravity * Time.deltaTime;
        controller.Move(Vector3.up * yVelocity * Time.deltaTime);
    }
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者ibrahemassa2