Linux下CMake编译C++项目报cc1plus文件名过多错误如何解决？

问题原文（格式化后） #

编辑1： 已补充make的详细输出，见下文

我当前在新设备上使用CMake编译C++项目，CMake配置无报错，执行make后出现如下错误：

$ make
/usr/bin/cmake -S/home/luc/coding/hiwi/peltier-control-panel -B/home/luc/coding/hiwi/peltier-control-panel/build --check-build-system CMakeFiles/Makefile.cmake 0
/usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_progress_start /home/luc/coding/hiwi/peltier-control-panel/build/CMakeFiles /home/luc/coding/hiwi/peltier-control-panel/build//CMakeFiles/progress.marks
make  -f CMakeFiles/Makefile2 all
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/luc/coding/hiwi/peltier-control-panel/build'
make  -f CMakeFiles/sio_client.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/sio_client.dir/depend
make[2]: Entering directory '/home/luc/coding/hiwi/peltier-control-panel/build'
cd /home/luc/coding/hiwi/peltier-control-panel/build && /usr/bin/cmake -E 
cmake_depends "Unix Makefiles" /home/luc/coding/hiwi/peltier-control-panel 
/home/luc/coding/hiwi/peltier-control-panel /home/luc/coding/hiwi/peltier-control-
panel/build /home/luc/coding/hiwi/peltier-control-panel/build /home/luc/coding/hiwi/peltier-control-
panel/build/CMakeFiles/sio_client.dir/DependInfo.cmake --color=
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/luc/coding/hiwi/peltier-control-panel/build'
make  -f CMakeFiles/sio_client.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/sio_client.dir/build
make[2]: Entering directory '/home/luc/coding/hiwi/peltier-control-panel/build'
[  6%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/sio_client.dir/lib/socket.io-client-cpp/src/sio_client.cpp.o
/usr/bin/c++ -DSIMULATION -I/home/luc/coding/hiwi/peltier-control-panel/include
 -I/home/luc/coding/hiwi/peltier-control-panel/src 
 -I/home/luc/coding/hiwi/peltier-control-panel/lib
 -I/home/luc/coding/hiwi/peltier-control-panel/lib/websocketpp
 -I/home/luc/coding/hiwi/peltier-control-panel/lib/rapidjson/include
 -I/home/luc/coding/hiwi/peltier-control-panel/lib/WiringPi/wiringPi
 -Wall -Wextra -o3 -std=gnu++11 -MD -MT 
CMakeFiles/sio_client.dir/lib/socket.io-client-cpp/src/sio_client.cpp.o 
-MF CMakeFiles/sio_client.dir/lib/socket.io-client-cpp/src/sio_client.cpp.o.d 
-o CMakeFiles/sio_client.dir/lib/socket.io-client-cpp/src/sio_client.cpp.o 
-c /home/luc/coding/hiwi/peltier-control-panel/lib/socket.io-client-cpp/src/sio_client.cpp
cc1plus: error: too many filenames given; type ‘cc1plus --help’ for usage
cc1plus: fatal error: CMakeFiles/sio_client.dir/lib/socket.io-client-cpp/src/sio_client.cpp.d: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.
make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/sio_client.dir/build.make:79: CMakeFiles/sio_client.dir/lib/socket.io-client-cpp/src/sio_client.cpp.o] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/luc/coding/hiwi/peltier-control-panel/build'
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/Makefile2:175: CMakeFiles/sio_client.dir/all] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/luc/coding/hiwi/peltier-control-panel/build'
make: *** [Makefile:94: all] Error 2

同一份代码在旧设备Ubuntu 16系统上可正常编译，说明问题与代码无关。新设备运行Arch系统，工具链版本更高，项目依赖Boost库但报错出现在链接Boost前，仅列环境信息供参考：

• Ubuntu 16环境：
  • CMake: 3.15.4
  • Make: 4.1
  • g++/gcc: 5.4.0
  • libboost 1.68.0
• Arch环境：
  • CMake: 3.21.2
  • Make: 4.2
  • g++/gcc: 11.1.0
  • libboost 1.76.0

网上检索到的同类问题均为Windows下mingw安装路径带空格导致，与我的场景不符。CMake输出如下：

cmake .. -DSIMULATION=TRUE
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 11.1.0
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 11.1.0
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc - skipped
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ - skipped
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
Using simulated temperature data...
-- Found Boost: /usr/lib64/cmake/Boost-1.76.0/BoostConfig.cmake (found version "1.76.0") found components: system 
-- Linking against boost shared libraries
-- location of boost libraries
-- Boost::system
-- Looking for pthread.h
-- Looking for pthread.h - found
-- Performing Test CMAKE_HAVE_LIBC_PTHREAD
-- Performing Test CMAKE_HAVE_LIBC_PTHREAD - Failed
-- Check if compiler accepts -pthread
-- Check if compiler accepts -pthread - yes
-- Found Threads: TRUE  
-- Linking SIMULATION
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/luc/coding/hiwi/peltier-control-panel/build

我注意到Arch环境下CMake跳过了C/CXX编译器可用性检查，但编译器本身可正常编译简单程序。我从未遇到过该问题，检索未找到解决方案，希望有相关经验的开发者指点方向。

感谢@Stephen Newell的提示，我排查发现同一份CMakeLists.txt在两套环境生成的编译命令不一致：
Ubuntu 16生成的编译命令：

/usr/bin/c++ -DSIMULATION 
-I/home/luc/coding/hiwi/peltier-heater/include 
-I/home/luc/coding/hiwi/peltier-heater/src 
-I/home/luc/coding/hiwi/peltier-heater/lib -I/home/luc/coding/hiwi/peltier-heater/lib/websocketpp 
-I/home/luc/coding/hiwi/peltier-heater/lib/rapidjson/include 
-Wall -Wextra -o3 -std=gnu++11  
-o CMakeFiles/PIDController.dir/src/PIDController.cpp.o 
-c /home/luc/coding/hiwi/peltier-heater/src/PIDController.cpp

Arch生成的编译命令：

/usr/bin/c++ -DSIMULATION 
-I/home/luc/coding/hiwi/peltier-heater/include 
-I/home/luc/coding/hiwi/peltier-heater/src 
-I/home/luc/coding/hiwi/peltier-heater/lib 
-I/home/luc/coding/hiwi/peltier-heater/lib/websocketpp 
-I/home/luc/coding/hiwi/peltier-heater/lib/rapidjson/include 
-Wall -Wextra -o3 -std=gnu++11 
-MT CMakeFiles/PIDController.dir/src/PIDController.cpp.o 
-MF CMakeFiles/PIDController.dir/src/PIDController.cpp.o.d 
-o CMakeFiles/PIDController.dir/src/PIDController.cpp.o 
-c /home/luc/coding/hiwi/peltier-heater/src/PIDController.cpp 

Arch的编译命令多了-MF和-MT参数，我手动去掉这两个参数后可正常完成该文件的编译。请问为什么两套环境下CMake生成的编译命令存在该差异？我可以关闭这两个参数的生成吗？还是需要修改CMakeLists.txt配置解决问题？

问题解答 #

1. 根本原因定位
   你在CMakeLists中指定编译优化参数时错误使用了小写的-o3，而非正确的大写-O3。
   小写-o是GCC的输出文件指定参数，-o3会被编译器解析为「将输出文件命名为3」，后续所有参数都会被误识别为输入源文件，直接触发「文件名过多」报错，连带依赖文件生成流程失败，触发第二个找不到.d文件的报错。

2. 新旧环境表现不同的原因
   CMake 3.20及以上版本默认开启了CMAKE_DEPENDS_USE_COMPILER选项，会直接在编译阶段通过编译器的-MD/-MT/-MF参数生成头文件依赖信息，替换了旧版本中单独执行cmake_depend流程生成依赖的逻辑，所以高版本CMake生成的编译命令会多这两个参数。
   旧版CMake生成的编译命令中，-o3之后没有-MT、-MF这类带参数的选项，后续紧接的是-o 输出目标文件参数，编译器会把最后一个-o的参数作为最终输出文件名，前面的-o3参数被覆盖，属于巧合性兼容，才没有暴露参数写错的问题。

3. 解决方案
   直接修改你CMakeLists.txt中的编译优化参数，把-o3改成-O3即可，不需要关闭依赖生成相关的参数，也不需要调整其他配置。修改后清空build目录重新执行cmake、make即可正常编译。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者ljbkusters