如何将模板和静态文件上传到Django应用并修正默认存储路径

Django 默认所有 FileField/ImageField 都会使用全局配置的默认文件存储方案，存储根路径对应 settings.py 里定义的 MEDIA_ROOT，所以你设置的 upload_to 路径都会拼在 MEDIA_ROOT 之后，导致所有文件都存入全局 media 目录。

你可以为需要存到应用目录的文件字段自定义独立的文件存储实例，修改你的模型代码如下：

import os
from django.conf import settings
from django.db import models
from django.utils.timezone import now
from django.core.files.storage import FileSystemStorage

# 自定义模板文件存储：根路径指向projects应用的templates/projects目录
project_template_storage = FileSystemStorage(
    location=os.path.join(settings.BASE_DIR, 'projects', 'templates', 'projects'),
    base_url='/templates/projects/'
)
# 自定义静态资源存储：根路径指向projects应用的static/projects目录
project_static_storage = FileSystemStorage(
    location=os.path.join(settings.BASE_DIR, 'projects', 'static', 'projects'),
    base_url='/static/projects/'
)

class Project(models.Model):
    class ProjectType(models.TextChoices):
        PYTHON = 'Python'
        JAVASCRIPT = 'Javascript'
        REACTJS = 'React.js'
        REACTNATIVE = 'React Native'
        JAVA = 'Java'
        C = 'C'
        CPP = 'C++'

    def upload_location_photo(instance, filename):
        return f'photos/projects/{instance.slug}/{filename}'

    # 调整上传路径：存储根路径已经定位到对应目录，只需要返回slug+文件名即可，避免路径重复
    def upload_location_template(instance, filename):
        return f'{instance.slug}/{filename}'

    def upload_location_static(instance, filename):
        return f'{instance.slug}/{filename}'

    slug = models.CharField(max_length=200, unique=True)
    project_type = models.CharField(max_length=50, choices=ProjectType.choices, default=ProjectType.JAVASCRIPT)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=150)
    description = models.TextField(blank=True)
    date_completed = models.DateTimeField(default=now, blank=True)
    photo_main = models.ImageField(upload_to=upload_location_photo)
    photo_1 = models.ImageField(upload_to=upload_location_photo, blank=True)
    photo_2 = models.ImageField(upload_to=upload_location_photo, blank=True)
    photo_3 = models.ImageField(upload_to=upload_location_photo, blank=True)
    # 给对应文件字段添加自定义storage参数
    file_html = models.FileField(upload_to=upload_location_template, storage=project_template_storage, max_length=100, blank=True)
    file_css = models.FileField(upload_to=upload_location_static, storage=project_static_storage, max_length=100, blank=True)
    file_js = models.FileField(upload_to=upload_location_static, storage=project_static_storage, max_length=100, blank=True)

• 请确保 projects/templates/projects 和 projects/static/projects 两个目录存在，且运行Django服务的系统用户对这两个目录有读写权限
• 该方案仅适合个人小型项目使用，生产环境不建议将用户上传的动态文件存入应用的static、templates目录：一来不符合Django的目录设计规范，二来执行collectstatic命令时可能会出现文件覆盖冲突，生产环境建议仍将动态文件存在media目录，通过自定义视图实现访问渲染逻辑

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Micheal Nestor