Spring微服务POST请求无ID返回Hibernate约束500异常解决方案

我正在开发一款支持基础GET、POST、PUT、DELETE操作的微服务，项目为基于MySQL数据库的Spring Maven Java程序。
调用POST接口新增数据时，若请求参数不包含ID会返回如下异常：

"status": 500,
"error": "Internal Server Error",
"message": "could not execute statement; SQL [n/a]; constraint [null]; nested exception is org.hibernate.exception.ConstraintViolationException: could not execute statement",

这一现象不符合预期：我在MySQL控制台直接插入不带ID的客户数据时，ID可以正常自增，传ID为null也能插入成功，但通过POST请求传null ID就会报错。

Service层代码 #

@Service
public class CustomerService {

    private final CustomerRepository customerRepository;

    @Autowired
    public CustomerService(CustomerRepository customerRepository) {
        this.customerRepository = customerRepository;
    }

    public List<Customer> getCostumer() {
        return customerRepository.findAll();
    }

    public void addNewCustomer(Customer customer) {
        customerRepository.save(customer);
        System.out.println(customer);
    }

    public void deleteCustomer(Long customerId) {
        if (!customerRepository.existsById(customerId)) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("customer with id " +customerId+ " does not exist");
        }
        customerRepository.deleteById(customerId);
    }
}

Controller层代码 #

@RestController
@RequestMapping(path = "api/v1/customer")
public class CustomerController {

    private final CustomerService customerService;

    @Autowired
    public CustomerController(CustomerService customerService) {
        this.customerService = customerService;
    }

    @GetMapping
    public List<Customer> getCostumer() {
        return customerService.getCostumer();
    }

    @PostMapping
    public void registerNewCustomer(@RequestBody Customer customer) {
        customerService.addNewCustomer(customer);
    }

    @DeleteMapping(path = "{customerId}")
    public void deleteCustomer(@PathVariable("customerId") Long customerId) {
        customerService.deleteCustomer(customerId);
    }
}

Repository与实体类代码 #

@Repository
public interface CustomerRepository extends JpaRepository<Customer, Long> {

    Optional<Customer> findCustomerById(Long id);
}


@Entity
@Table
public class Customer {
    @Id
    private String name;
    private String contactFirstName;
    private String contactLastName;
    private String phoneNumber;
    private String fax;
    private String city;
    private String region;
    private String country;
    private String zip;
    private float creditLimit;
    private String adress_1;
    private String adress_2;
    private Long id;

    public Customer() {
    }

    public Customer(String name, String contactFirstName, String contactLastName, String phoneNumber, String fax, String city, String region, String country, String zip, float creditLimit, String adress_1, String adress_2, Long id) {
        this.name = name;
        this.contactFirstName = contactFirstName;
        this.contactLastName = contactLastName;
        this.phoneNumber = phoneNumber;
        this.fax = fax;
        this.city = city;
        this.region = region;
        this.country = country;
        this.zip = zip;
        this.creditLimit = creditLimit;
        this.adress_1 = adress_1;
        this.adress_2 = adress_2;
        this.id = id;
    }

    public Customer(String name, String contactFirstName, String contactLastName, String phoneNumber, String fax, String city, String region, String country, String zip, float creditLimit, String adress_1, String adress_2) {
        this.name = name;
        this.contactFirstName = contactFirstName;
        this.contactLastName = contactLastName;
        this.phoneNumber = phoneNumber;
        this.fax = fax;
        this.city = city;
        this.region = region;
        this.country = country;
        this.zip = zip;
        this.creditLimit = creditLimit;
        this.adress_1 = adress_1;
        this.adress_2 = adress_2;
    }
// 剩余代码为Getter和Setter方法
}

问题根源为实体类主键配置错误，正确配置如下：

@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Basic(optional = false)
@Column(name = "id",unique=true, nullable = false)
private Long id;

注：需删除原实体类中加在name字段上的@Id注解

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Miku