Python数独打印程序故障：网格边框输出不符合预期如何修复

问题说明 #

需要将嵌套列表格式存储的数独棋盘添加网格线与边框后打印到控制台，当前编写的代码输出结果不符合预期，无法定位问题原因。

现有资源 #

测试用例 #

提供了4x4、9x9、16x16三种尺寸的数独测试棋盘：

small = [[0, 0, 1, 0],
         [4, 0, 0, 0],
         [0, 0, 0, 2],
         [0, 3, 0, 0]]

big = [[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
       [4, 0, 0, 7, 8, 9, 0, 0, 0],
       [7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6],
       [0, 2, 0, 3, 6, 0, 8, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 7, 0, 1, 0],
       [8, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5],
       [0, 0, 1, 6, 4, 0, 9, 7, 0],
       [0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 2]]

giant = [[0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 8, 0, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 16],
         [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 4, 0, 0, 7, 15, 0, 8, 0],
         [13, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 5, 10, 0, 0],
         [0, 11, 12, 15, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 3, 4, 0, 13],
         [15, 0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 7, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0],
         [0, 0, 0, 12, 0, 3, 0, 5, 0, 11, 0, 14, 0, 0, 0, 9],
         [4, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 12, 0, 15, 16, 0, 0, 0, 0],
         [0, 0, 0, 0, 14, 0, 15, 0, 6, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 12, 0],
         [3, 0, 15, 4, 0, 13, 14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 7, 8],
         [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0],
         [11, 0, 16, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 3, 5, 0],
         [0, 0, 13, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 14, 0, 15, 16, 0, 9, 0, 1],
         [9, 0, 2, 0, 0, 14, 0, 4, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
         [0, 14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10, 9, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 1, 7],
         [8, 0, 0, 0, 16, 0, 0, 1, 2, 14, 11, 4, 0, 0, 0, 3],
         [0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 16, 0, 6, 0, 12, 0, 0]]

现有打印逻辑代码 #

import math

def print_board(board):
    board_size = len(board)
    l = int(board_size + math.sqrt(board_size) + 1)
    section = int(math.sqrt(board_size))
    border = 0
    i_index = 0

    for i in range(0, l):
        if (i == border):
            print('-' * l)
            border = border + section + 1
        else:
            inner_border = 0
            j_index = 0
            for j in range(0, l):
                if (j == inner_border):
                    print('|', end='')
                    inner_border = inner_border + section + 1
                else:
                    if (board[i_index][j_index] == 0):
                        print(' ', end='')
                    else:
                        if (board[i_index][j_index] < 10):
                            print(board[i_index][j_index], end='')
                        if (board[i_index][j_index] == 10):
                            print('A', end='')
                        if (board[i_index][j_index] == 11):
                            print('B', end='')
                        if (board[i_index][j_index] == 12):
                            print('C', end='')
                        if (board[i_index][j_index] == 13):
                            print('D', end='')
                        if (board[i_index][j_index] == 14):
                            print('E', end='')
                        if (board[i_index][j_index] == 15):
                            print('F', end='')
                        if (board[i_index][j_index] == 16):
                            print('G', end='')
                    j_index = j_index + 1
            i_index = i_index + 1


print(print_board(small))
print(print_board(big))
print(print_board(giant))

功能要求 #

• 输入为4x4、9x9或16x16的嵌套列表格式数独棋盘
• 控制台输出格式化后的棋盘，列内容对齐
• 子网格边界清晰可辨

预期输出效果 #

-------
|  |1 |
|4 |  |
-------
|  | 2|
| 3|  |
-------
>>> print_board(big)
-------------
|   |   |   |
|4  |789|   |
|78 |   | 56|
-------------
| 2 |36 |8  |
|  5|  7| 1 |
|8  |2  |  5|
-------------
|  1|64 |97 |
|   |9  |   |
|   | 3 |  2|
-------------
>>> print_board(giant)
---------------------
| 5  | 4 8| 6  |  9G|
|1   |   D|4  7|F 8 |
|D   | 73 |   9|5A  |
| BCF|A   |  5 |34 D|
---------------------
|F 13|  72|    | 5  |
|   C| 3 5| B E|   9|
|47  |    |C FG|    |
|    |E F |69  |  C |
---------------------
|3 F4| DE |   1|  78|
|    |    |  9A|    |
|B GA|    | 7  | 35 |
|  D |    |E GF| 9 1|
---------------------
|9 2 | E 4|8   |    |
| E  |   A|9 3 |  17|
|8   |G  1|2EB4|   3|
|   1|  5 | G 6| C  |
---------------------

问题原因与修复方案 #

存在的问题 #

1. 每行内容打印完成后没有添加换行，导致所有行内容连在一起
2. 调用print_board时额外加了print()包装，print_board没有返回值会额外打印None
3. 数值判断用了多分支独立if，存在逻辑冗余

修正后的代码 #

import math

def print_board(board):
    board_size = len(board)
    l = int(board_size + math.sqrt(board_size) + 1)
    section = int(math.sqrt(board_size))
    border = 0
    i_index = 0

    for i in range(0, l):
        if i == border:
            print('-' * l)
            border = border + section + 1
        else:
            inner_border = 0
            j_index = 0
            for j in range(0, l):
                if j == inner_border:
                    print('|', end='')
                    inner_border = inner_border + section + 1
                else:
                    val = board[i_index][j_index]
                    if val == 0:
                        print(' ', end='')
                    elif val < 10:
                        print(val, end='')
                    elif val == 10:
                        print('A', end='')
                    elif val == 11:
                        print('B', end='')
                    elif val == 12:
                        print('C', end='')
                    elif val == 13:
                        print('D', end='')
                    elif val == 14:
                        print('E', end='')
                    elif val == 15:
                        print('F', end='')
                    elif val == 16:
                        print('G', end='')
                    j_index = j_index + 1
            # 每行结束后换行
            print()
            i_index = i_index + 1

# 直接调用函数即可，不需要额外print包装
print_board(small)
print_board(big)
print_board(giant)

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user16812303