C#如何获取指定网络适配器的发送/接收字节数统计数据

适用环境 #

• 支持 .NET Framework 4.8 / .NET 5+
• 仅兼容Windows操作系统（依赖Win32 IP Helper原生API）

实现原理 #

Windows IP Helper API提供的GetIfEntry2函数可直接通过物理适配器的接口索引获取底层统计数据，不受Hyper-V虚拟桥接、网卡共享等逻辑层配置影响，返回数据与控制面板网络状态页展示的统计值完全一致。

完整实现代码 #

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net.NetworkInformation;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

public static class NetworkAdapterStatistics
{
    // IP Helper API 结构体定义
    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
    private struct MIB_IF_ROW2
    {
        public ulong InterfaceLuid;
        public uint InterfaceIndex;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 256)]
        public string Alias;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 256)]
        public string Description;
        public uint PhysicalAddressLength;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 32)]
        public byte[] PhysicalAddress;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 32)]
        public byte[] PermanentPhysicalAddress;
        public uint Mtu;
        public uint Type;
        public uint TunnelType;
        public uint MediaType;
        public uint PhysicalMediumType;
        public uint AccessType;
        public uint DirectionType;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
        public bool Multicast;
        public ulong TransmitLinkSpeed;
        public ulong ReceiveLinkSpeed;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 16)]
        public ulong[] InOctets;
        public ulong InUcastPkts;
        public ulong InNUcastPkts;
        public ulong InDiscards;
        public ulong InErrors;
        public ulong InUnknownProtos;
        public ulong InUcastOctets;
        public ulong InMulticastOctets;
        public ulong InBroadcastOctets;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 16)]
        public ulong[] OutOctets;
        public ulong OutUcastPkts;
        public ulong OutNUcastPkts;
        public ulong OutDiscards;
        public ulong OutErrors;
        public ulong OutUcastOctets;
        public ulong OutMulticastOctets;
        public ulong OutBroadcastOctets;
        public ulong OutQLen;
    }

    // P/Invoke 声明
    [DllImport("iphlpapi.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    private static extern uint GetIfEntry2(ref MIB_IF_ROW2 pIfRow);

    /// <summary>
    /// 获取指定物理网络适配器的统计数据
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="adapterName">物理适配器名称（对应NetworkInterface.Name）</param>
    /// <returns>适配器统计数据，未找到对应适配器返回null</returns>
    public static AdapterStatistics GetPhysicalAdapterStatistics(string adapterName)
    {
        // 过滤出物理网卡，排除Hyper-V虚拟网卡、桥接逻辑网卡
        var physicalAdapter = NetworkInterface.GetAllNetworkInterfaces()
            .FirstOrDefault(nic => 
                nic.Name == adapterName 
                && nic.NetworkInterfaceType != NetworkInterfaceType.Tunnel
                && nic.NetworkInterfaceType != NetworkInterfaceType.Loopback
                && !nic.Description.Contains("Hyper-V Virtual Ethernet Adapter")
                && !nic.Description.Contains("Microsoft Network Adapter Multiplexor"));

        if (physicalAdapter == null) return null;

        var ifRow = new MIB_IF_ROW2
        {
            InterfaceIndex = (uint)physicalAdapter.GetIPProperties().GetIPv4Properties().Index
        };

        var result = GetIfEntry2(ref ifRow);
        if (result != 0) return null;

        return new AdapterStatistics
        {
            ReceivedBytes = ifRow.InOctets[0],
            SentBytes = ifRow.OutOctets[0],
            ReceivedPackets = ifRow.InUcastPkts + ifRow.InNUcastPkts,
            SentPackets = ifRow.OutUcastPkts + ifRow.OutNUcastPkts,
            InboundErrors = ifRow.InErrors,
            OutboundErrors = ifRow.OutErrors,
            DiscardedPackets = ifRow.InDiscards + ifRow.OutDiscards
        };
    }
}

/// <summary>
/// 网络适配器统计数据模型
/// </summary>
public class AdapterStatistics
{
    public ulong ReceivedBytes { get; set; }
    public ulong SentBytes { get; set; }
    public ulong ReceivedPackets { get; set; }
    public ulong SentPackets { get; set; }
    public ulong InboundErrors { get; set; }
    public ulong OutboundErrors { get; set; }
    public ulong DiscardedPackets { get; set; }
}

使用示例 #

// 示例：获取名为"以太网"的物理网卡统计数据
var stats = NetworkAdapterStatistics.GetPhysicalAdapterStatistics("以太网");
if (stats != null)
{
    Console.WriteLine($"已接收字节：{stats.ReceivedBytes}");
    Console.WriteLine($"已发送字节：{stats.SentBytes}");
}

注意事项 #

• 若需枚举所有可用物理网卡，可遍历NetworkInterface.GetAllNetworkInterfaces()返回的集合，按上述代码中的过滤规则筛选即可
• 调用时需确保程序拥有管理员权限，部分受限环境下可能无法读取低层级网卡统计数据

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者p.g.