Java Hibernate运行报错StandardServiceRegistryBuilder.java:165找不到配置文件

问题说明 #

运行Hibernate应用主方法时，执行StandardServiceRegistry ssr = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().configure("hibernate.cfg.xml").build();触发异常，提示无法定位hibernate.cfg.xml资源，错误栈指向StandardServiceRegistryBuilder.java第165行。

相关代码与配置 #

主类StoreData.java #

package hibernate;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.boot.Metadata;
import org.hibernate.boot.MetadataSources;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistry;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;

public class StoreData {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        StandardServiceRegistry ssr = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().configure("hibernate.cfg.xml").build();
        Metadata meta = new MetadataSources(ssr).getMetadataBuilder().build();

        SessionFactory factory = meta.getSessionFactoryBuilder().build();
        Session session = factory.openSession();
        Transaction t = session.beginTransaction();

        Employee e1 = new Employee();
        e1.setId(1);
        e1.setFirstName("Gaurav");
        e1.setLastName("Chawla");

        session.save(e1);
        t.commit();
        System.out.println("successfully saved");
        factory.close();
        session.close();
    }
}

hibernate.cfg.xml配置 #

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration>

    <session-factory>
        <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
        <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect</property>
        <property name="connection.url">jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe</property>
        <property name="connection.username">ceid</property>
        <property name="connection.password">2361368</property>
        <property name="connection.driver_class">oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver</property>
        <mapping resource="employee.hbm.xml"/>
    </session-factory>

</hibernate-configuration>

实体映射配置employee.hbm.xml #

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping package="hibernate">
    <class name="hibernate.Employee" table="EMPLOYEE">
        <id name="id">
            <generator class="assigned"></generator>
        </id>

        <property name="firstName" column="firstname" type="string"></property>
        <property name="lastName" column="lastname" type="string"></property>

    </class>

</hibernate-mapping>

实体类Employee.java #

package hibernate;

public class Employee {
    private int id;
    private String firstName, lastName;

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public String getFirstName() {
        return firstName;
    }

    public String getLastName() {
        return lastName;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
        this.firstName = firstName;
    }

    public void setLastName(String lastName) {
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }
}

Oracle建表语句 #

CREATE TABLE "CEID"."EMPLOYEE" 
(
    "ID" NUMBER(*,0), 
    "FIRSTNAME" VARCHAR2(20 BYTE), 
    "LASTNAME" VARCHAR2(20 BYTE)
)

完整错误日志 #

Sep 11, 2021 6:02:40 PM org.hibernate.Version logVersion
INFO: HHH000412: Hibernate Core {5.3.1.Final}
Sep 11, 2021 6:02:40 PM org.hibernate.cfg.Environment <clinit>
INFO: HHH000206: hibernate.properties not found
Exception in thread "main" org.hibernate.internal.util.config.ConfigurationException: Could not locate cfg.xml resource [hibernate.cfg.xml]
    at org.hibernate.boot.cfgxml.internal.ConfigLoader.loadConfigXmlResource(ConfigLoader.java:53)
    at org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder.configure(StandardServiceRegistryBuilder.java:165)
    at hibernate.StoreData.main(StoreData.java:14)

解决方案 #

这个错误的核心原因是Hibernate默认从类路径根目录加载配置文件，找不到对应路径下的资源，按以下步骤排查即可：

• Eclipse普通Java项目：将hibernate.cfg.xml和employee.hbm.xml放到项目的src根目录下，不要放在hibernate包对应的子目录中
• Maven/Gradle项目：将两个xml配置文件放到src/main/resources目录下，构建后会自动输出到类路径根目录
• 检查配置文件名拼写，确认没有大小写错误、后缀名被隐藏为.txt的情况
• 检查IDE编译输出目录（Eclipse对应bin文件夹，Maven对应target/classes文件夹）下是否存在两个xml文件，不存在的话刷新项目重新构建即可
• 如果确实需要把配置文件放到自定义路径，修改configure方法的入参即可，比如配置文件放在hibernate包下，就改为configure("hibernate/hibernate.cfg.xml")

其余配置、代码、实体映射、数据库表结构均无语法错误，Oracle10gDialect可以兼容Oracle 11.2 XE版本，路径修正后即可正常运行。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Amin Saeedi