U-Boot执行mtdparts提示找不到nor0及dfu_alt_info配置咨询

问题背景 #

硬件：搭载S25HS512T闪存、i.MX6UL处理器的定制开发板
U-Boot版本：2021.10-rc3（已原生支持Spansion S25HS系列闪存）

DTS配置 #

&qspi {
        pinctrl-names = "default";
        pinctrl-0 = <&pinctrl_qspi>;
        status = "okay";

        flash: s25hs512t@0 {
                #address-cells = <1>;
                #size-cells = <1>;
                compatible = "spansion,s25hs512t", "jedec,spi-nor";
                spi-max-frequency = <40000000>;
                spi-rx-bus-width = <4>;
                spi-tx-bus-width = <4>;
                reg = <0>;
                spi-mode = <0>;
                m25p,fast-read;
                status = "okay";

                partition@uboot {
                        label = "uboot";
                        reg = <0x00000000 0x00100000>;
                };
                partition@uboot-env {
                        label = "uboot-env";
                        reg = <0x00100000 0x00040000>;
                };
                partition@kernel-dtb {
                        label = "kernel-dtb";
                        reg = <0x00140000 0x00040000>;
                };
                partition@kernel {
                        label = "kernel";
                        reg = <0x00180000 0x00800000>;
                };
                partition@root {
                        label = "root";
                        reg = <0x00980000 0x03640000>;
                };

        };
};

已验证正常的操作日志 #

sf probe闪存识别日志

=> sf probe                                                                                        
drivers/core/uclass.c:325-uclass_find_device_by_seq() 0
drivers/core/uclass.c:333-uclass_find_device_by_seq()    - 0 'spi@21e0000'
drivers/core/uclass.c:336-uclass_find_device_by_seq()    - found
drivers/spi/spi-uclass.c:282-spi_find_chip_select() fsl_qspi spi@21e0000: spi_find_chip_select: plat=9ef2af60, cs=0
drivers/core/uclass.c:325-uclass_find_device_by_seq() 0
drivers/core/uclass.c:333-uclass_find_device_by_seq()    - 0 'spi@21e0000'
drivers/core/uclass.c:336-uclass_find_device_by_seq()    - found
drivers/spi/spi-uclass.c:282-spi_find_chip_select() fsl_qspi spi@21e0000: spi_find_chip_select: plat=9ef2af60, cs=0
drivers/core/uclass.c:325-uclass_find_device_by_seq() 0
drivers/core/uclass.c:333-uclass_find_device_by_seq()    - 0 'iomuxc@20e0000'
drivers/core/uclass.c:336-uclass_find_device_by_seq()    - found
drivers/pinctrl/pinctrl-uclass.c:300-pinctrl_select_state_simple() jedec_spi_nor m25p80@0: set_state_simple op missing
drivers/spi/fsl_qspi.c:464-fsl_qspi_prepare_lut() fsl_qspi spi@21e0000: CMD[9f] lutval[0:1c00049f        1:0     2:0     3:0]
drivers/spi/fsl_qspi.c:464-fsl_qspi_prepare_lut() fsl_qspi spi@21e0000: CMD[5a] lutval[0:818045a         1:1c000c08      2:0     3:0]
drivers/spi/fsl_qspi.c:464-fsl_qspi_prepare_lut() fsl_qspi spi@21e0000: CMD[5a] lutval[0:818045a         1:1c000c08      2:0     3:0]
drivers/spi/fsl_qspi.c:464-fsl_qspi_prepare_lut() fsl_qspi spi@21e0000: CMD[5a] lutval[0:818045a         1:1c000c08      2:0     3:0]
drivers/spi/fsl_qspi.c:464-fsl_qspi_prepare_lut() fsl_qspi spi@21e0000: CMD[b7] lutval[0:4b7     1:0     2:0     3:0]
drivers/spi/fsl_qspi.c:464-fsl_qspi_prepare_lut() fsl_qspi spi@21e0000: CMD[65] lutval[0:8200465         1:1c00          2:0     3:0]
drivers/mtd/spi/spi-nor-core.c:2531-  spi_nor_parse_sfdp() jedec_spi_nor m25p80@0: non-uniform erase sector maps are not supported yet.
drivers/spi/fsl_qspi.c:464-fsl_qspi_prepare_lut() fsl_qspi spi@21e0000: CMD[65] lutval[0:8200465         1:1c00          2:0     3:0]
drivers/spi/fsl_qspi.c:464-fsl_qspi_prepare_lut() fsl_qspi spi@21e0000: CMD[65] lutval[0:8200465         1:1c00          2:0     3:0]
SF: Detected s25hs512t with page size 256 Bytes, erase size 256 KiB, total 64 MiB
drivers/mtd/mtdcore.c:494-      add_mtd_device() mtd: Giving out device 0 to s25hs512t <=== That works
drivers/spi/spi-uclass.c:431-  spi_get_bus_and_cs() spi_get_bus_and_cs: bus=9ef2ae80, slave=9ef2d248

mtd分区识别日志

=> env set mtdparts 's25hs512t:1024k(uboot),256k(uboot-env),256k(kernel-dtb),6656k(kernel),-(root)'

=> mtd list                                                                                        
drivers/mtd/mtdcore.c:494-      add_mtd_device() mtd: Giving out device 1 to uboot
drivers/mtd/mtdcore.c:494-      add_mtd_device() mtd: Giving out device 2 to uboot-env
drivers/mtd/mtdcore.c:494-      add_mtd_device() mtd: Giving out device 3 to kernel-dtb
drivers/mtd/mtdcore.c:494-      add_mtd_device() mtd: Giving out device 4 to kernel
drivers/mtd/mtdcore.c:494-      add_mtd_device() mtd: Giving out device 5 to root
List of MTD devices:
* s25hs512t
  - device: m25p80@0
  - parent: spi@21e0000
  - driver: jedec_spi_nor
  - path: /soc/aips-bus@2100000/spi@21e0000/m25p80@0
  - type: NOR flash
  - block size: 0x40000 bytes
  - min I/O: 0x1 bytes
  - 0x000000000000-0x000004000000 : "s25hs512t"
          - 0x000000000000-0x000000100000 : "uboot"
          - 0x000000100000-0x000000140000 : "uboot-env"
          - 0x000000140000-0x000000180000 : "kernel-dtb"
          - 0x000000180000-0x000000800000 : "kernel"
          - 0x000000800000-0x000004000000 : "root"

异常现象 #

设置mtdids后执行mtdparts报错：

=> setenv mtdids 'nor0=s25hs512t'    
=> mtdparts 
Device nor0 not found!

问题解答 #

1. mtdids配置错误说明与正确方案 #

错误原因

你配置的mtdids将nor0映射到了闪存设备s25hs512t，但同时你设置的mtdparts分区表是直接用s25hs512t作为设备前缀，两者不匹配，U-Boot的MTD子系统找不到nor0对应的分区表，所以报错。

正确配置流程

# 1. 先识别闪存，这一步是前置依赖
sf probe
# 2. 设置mtdids，绑定别名和实际设备名
setenv mtdids 'nor0=s25hs512t'
# 3. 设置mtdparts，前缀改为和mtdids里的别名nor0一致
setenv mtdparts 'mtdparts=nor0:1024k(uboot),256k(uboot-env),256k(kernel-dtb),6656k(kernel),-(root)'
# 可选：保存环境变量到闪存，避免重启后重复配置
saveenv

配置完成后执行mtdparts即可正常输出分区列表。

2. dfu_alt_info正确配置 #

原有配置错误点

你写的root partubi 5里，partubi是UBI分区专属的类型标识，如果你的root分区没有做UBI格式化，直接用part即可。

正确配置

普通NOR分区场景：

setenv dfu_alt_info 'mtd nor0=uboot part 1;uboot-env part 2;kernel-dtb part 3;kernel part 4;root part 5;'

如果root分区确实规划为UBI分区，且U-Boot已经开启了CONFIG_MTD_UBI相关配置，可以保留partubi标识：

setenv dfu_alt_info 'mtd nor0=uboot part 1;uboot-env part 2;kernel-dtb part 3;kernel part 4;root partubi 5;'

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Harkirat