如何使用Windows批处理按文件名中的非固定数字归档文件？

Alright, let's solve this dynamic file archiving problem for your Windows batch script. Here's a robust solution that automatically groups files by their 4-digit middle code and creates the required zip archives—no manual input needed for daily changing codes:

This script will scan your C:\files directory, identify files sharing the same 4-digit middle code, and package them into matching zip archives, regardless of what the daily code is.

Full Script Code #

@echo off
setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
set "sourceDir=C:\files"

:: Iterate over all PDF files (each acts as a marker for a unique file group)
for %%f in ("%sourceDir%\*.pdf") do (
    :: Grab the filename without path or extension
    set "baseName=%%~nf"
    
    :: Extract the 4-digit code from the filename
    :: Step 1: Remove everything before the first underscore (e.g., abc_m2611somthing → m2611somthing)
    set "tempStr=!baseName:*_=!"
    :: Step 2: Grab characters 2-5 to get the 4-digit code (skips the leading letter like 'm' or 's')
    set "fileCode=!tempStr:~1,4!"
    
    :: Define the full path for the output zip archive
    set "zipFile=%sourceDir%\!baseName!.zip"
    
    :: Skip if the archive already exists to avoid redundant work
    if not exist "!zipFile!" (
        :: Use 7-Zip to package all files containing the 4-digit code
        :: If 7-Zip isn't in your PATH, replace "7z" with the full path, e.g., "C:\Program Files\7-Zip\7z.exe"
        7z a -tzip "!zipFile!" "%sourceDir%\*!fileCode!*"
        echo Successfully created archive: !zipFile!
    ) else (
        echo Skipping existing archive: !zipFile!
    )
)

endlocal
echo All archiving tasks finished!
pause

Key Details & Explanations #

• Delayed Expansion: setlocal enabledelayedexpansion is critical here—it lets us modify and read variables inside the for loop, which is essential for handling dynamic filenames.
• 4-Digit Code Extraction:
  • !baseName:*_=! strips off everything up to and including the first underscore, leaving us with the part of the filename containing the code.
  • !tempStr:~1,4! slices the string starting at the 2nd character (to skip the letter before the digits) and takes the next 4 characters—perfectly grabbing the target code.
• Compression Tool: The script uses 7-Zip (a free, widely available tool). If you don't have it in your system PATH, just replace 7z with the full path to 7z.exe (e.g., "C:\Program Files\7-Zip\7z.exe").
• Avoid Duplicates: We check if the zip archive already exists before creating it, so you won't waste time re-packaging files that are already archived.
• Daily Code Adaptability: The script doesn't hardcode any 4-digit values—it automatically detects whatever code is present in the filenames each day.

Alternative (Windows Built-In Tool) #

If you don't want to use 7-Zip, you can use Windows' native makecab tool to create CAB archives (note: this isn't a ZIP, but it's a valid archive format). Replace the 7-Zip line with:

makecab /D CabinetName1="!zipFile:.zip=.cab!" /D DiskDirectory1="%sourceDir%" "%sourceDir%\*!fileCode!*"

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Oleg