如何用PowerShell对比两个CSV文件并生成带软件状态的新CSV文件

前提约定：

1. 主清单文件SoftwareMaster.csv、当前导出的已安装清单CurrentInstalled.csv均包含softwarename、softwareversion两个核心匹配字段，其余字段与你给出的示例结构一致
2. 匹配规则为「软件名+版本号」唯一标识一个应用，避免重名误判

完整可运行脚本 #

# 1. 定义配置项，替换为你本地的实际路径
$hostName = "den00ltm"
$masterCsvPath = "C:\path\to\SoftwareMaster.csv"
$currentCsvPath = "C:\path\to\CurrentInstalled.csv"
$outputCsvPath = "C:\path\to\FinalSoftwareList.csv"

# 2. 加载两个CSV文件
$masterList = Import-Csv -Path $masterCsvPath -Encoding UTF8
$currentList = Import-Csv -Path $currentCsvPath -Encoding UTF8

# 3. 解析已卸载应用列表为匹配用哈希表（key=软件名|版本号）
$removedAppRaw = @(
    'Application Verifier x64 External Package        10.1.17763.132'
    'C++ | Visual Fortran Compiler 17.0 for IA-32     17.0.9.279'
    'C++ | Visual Fortran Compiler 17.0 for IA-32     17.0.8.275'
    'C++ | Visual Fortran Compiler 17.0 common files  17.0.5.267'
    'Build Tools - x86                                12.0.40675'
)
$removedMap = @{}
foreach ($raw in $removedAppRaw) {
    # 正则拆分多空格分隔的软件名和版本号
    if ($raw -match '^\s*(.+?)\s{2,}(\S+)\s*$') {
        $name = $matches[1].Trim()
        $version = $matches[2].Trim()
        $key = "$name|$version"
        $removedMap[$key] = $true
    }
}

# 4. 解析新安装应用列表为匹配哈希表
$newAppRaw = @(
    'C++ OpenMP on Intel(R) 64                        12.0.5.229'
)
$newMap = @{}
foreach ($raw in $newAppRaw) {
    if ($raw -match '^\s*(.+?)\s{2,}(\S+)\s*$') {
        $name = $matches[1].Trim()
        $version = $matches[2].Trim()
        $key = "$name|$version"
        $newMap[$key] = [PSCustomObject]@{
            softwarename = $name
            softwareversion = $version
        }
    }
}

# 5. 构建当前已安装应用的匹配哈希表
$currentMap = @{}
foreach ($app in $currentList) {
    $key = "$($app.softwarename.Trim())|$($app.softwareversion.Trim())"
    $currentMap[$key] = $app
}

# 6. 处理主清单所有条目，添加状态字段
$result = @()
foreach ($masterApp in $masterList) {
    $key = "$($masterApp.softwarename.Trim())|$($masterApp.softwareversion.Trim())"
    # 复制主条目所有原有属性
    $outputApp = $masterApp | Select-Object *
    # 匹配状态
    if ($currentMap.ContainsKey($key)) {
        $outputApp | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "Softwarestatus" -Value "Active" -Force
        # 用当前清单的最新字段覆盖主清单旧字段（如安装路径、安装时间有变更的场景）
        foreach ($prop in $currentMap[$key].PSObject.Properties.Name) {
            if ($outputApp.PSObject.Properties.Name -contains $prop -and $currentMap[$key].$prop) {
                $outputApp.$prop = $currentMap[$key].$prop
            }
        }
    } elseif ($removedMap.ContainsKey($key)) {
        $outputApp | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "Softwarestatus" -Value "removed" -Force
    } else {
        # 不在当前列表也不在已卸载列表的应用，可自行调整状态规则
        $outputApp | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "Softwarestatus" -Value "Active" -Force
    }
    $result += $outputApp
}

# 7. 添加新安装的、不在主清单中的条目
foreach ($newKey in $newMap.Keys) {
    $isExist = $masterList.Where({
        $_.softwarename.Trim() -eq $newMap[$newKey].softwarename -and 
        $_.softwareversion.Trim() -eq $newMap[$newKey].softwareversion
    }, 'First').Count -gt 0

    if (-not $isExist) {
        # 从当前已安装清单取完整字段
        $newApp = $currentMap[$newKey] | Select-Object *
        $newApp | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "Softwarestatus" -Value "newly added" -Force
        # 补全主清单所有字段，无值的留空
        foreach ($prop in $masterList[0].PSObject.Properties.Name) {
            if (-not ($newApp.PSObject.Properties.Name -contains $prop)) {
                $newApp | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name $prop -Value "" -Force
            }
        }
        $result += $newApp
    }
}

# 8. 导出最终结果CSV
$result | Export-Csv -Path $outputCsvPath -Encoding UTF8 -NoTypeInformation

注意事项 #

• 如果你的CSV文件中软件名、版本号的字段名和示例不一致，需要同步修改脚本中对应字段名的引用
• 若不需要保留主清单中既不在当前安装列表、也不在已卸载列表的应用，直接在第6步对应分支过滤即可

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Chandra Sekhar