XBRL文件XSD校验误报结构错误的解决需求

我现在碰到了一个XBRL校验的棘手问题，想请教大家怎么调整XSD校验逻辑，避开那些看似误报的结构错误——这些错误其实不会影响XBRL的正常功能，而且文件已经通过了Schematron校验（我们用Schematron来检查业务规则，这部分完全没问题）。我的核心目标是只用XSD来校验XBRL文档里的非ASCII字符、字段过长这类Schematron覆盖不到的问题。

问题场景与错误详情 #

我有一个确认有效的XBRL文件xbrl_001_valid.xml：

• 它顺利通过了Schematron校验
• 用Arelle工具验证也显示是合法的XBRL文档

但用我自己写的基于Xerces的Java校验程序XbrlValidationWithXsdUsesXercesApplication.java运行时，却抛出了结构错误：

2025-06-09T22:48:53.658+03:00 ERROR 374 --- [XBRL-validation-with-xsd_uses-xerces] [ main] rlValidationWithXsdUsesXercesApplication : Error: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; systemId: file:/Users/rob.bram/work/test/XBRL-validation-with-xsd_uses-xerces/src/main/resources/xbrl/xbrl_001_valid.xml; lineNumber: 46; columnNumber: 51; cvc-complex-type.2.4.a: Invalid content was found starting with element '{"http://sbr.gov.au/comnmdle/comnmdle.financialinstitutionaccount1.02.00.module":FinancialInstitutionAccount}'. One of '{"http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase":schemaRef, "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase":linkbaseRef, "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase":roleRef, "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase":arcroleRef, "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance":item, "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance":tuple, "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance":context, "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance":unit, "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase":footnoteLink}' is expected.

我的校验程序细节 #

我的Java代码基于Spring Boot实现，核心逻辑是用Xerces加载本地缓存的XSD文件（包括sbr.gov.au的分类标准XSD和xbrl.org的基础XSD），通过XMLCatalogResolver目录解析器引用本地文件，避免网络请求。关键代码片段如下：

@SpringBootApplication
public class XbrlValidationWithXsdUsesXercesApplication implements CommandLineRunner {
    private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(XbrlValidationWithXsdUsesXercesApplication.class);

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(XbrlValidationWithXsdUsesXercesApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Override
    public void run(final String... args) throws Exception {
        validateFile(Path.of("src/main/resources/xbrl/xbrl_001_valid.xml"));
        validateFile(Path.of("src/main/resources/xbrl/xbrl_002_invalid-against-Schematron.xml"));
        validateFile(Path.of("src/main/resources/xbrl/xbrl_003_invalid-against-XSD.xml"));
    }

    private static void validateFile(final Path xbrlPath) throws SAXException, IOException {
        log.info("========== {} ==========", xbrlPath);

        final SchemaFactory schemaFactory = SchemaFactory.newInstance(XMLConstants.W3C_XML_SCHEMA_NS_URI);

        final String[] catalogs = {"src/main/resources/xsd/catalog.xml"};
        final XMLCatalogResolver resolver = new XMLCatalogResolver(catalogs) {
            @Override
            public LSInput resolveResource(
                    final String type, final String namespaceURI,
                    final String publicId, final String systemId, final String baseURI
            ) {
                final LSInput lsInput = super.resolveResource(type, namespaceURI, publicId, systemId, baseURI);
                final String resolvedSystemId = (lsInput != null) ? lsInput.getSystemId() : "null";
                log.debug("Attempted to resolve '{}' to '{}'.", systemId, resolvedSystemId);
                return lsInput;
            }
        };
        schemaFactory.setResourceResolver(resolver);

        final String entryPointXsd = "src/main/resources/xsd/sbr.gov.au/taxonomy/sbr_au_reports/sprstrm/sprcnt/sprcnt_0001/sprcnt.0001.conttrans.request.02.02.report.xsd";
        final Schema schema = schemaFactory.newSchema(new File(entryPointXsd));
        javax.xml.validation.Validator validator = schema.newValidator();

        final XsdErrorHandler errorHandler = new XsdErrorHandler(xbrlPath);
        validator.setErrorHandler(errorHandler);

        final Source xmlStreamSource = new StreamSource(xbrlPath.toFile());
        validator.validate(xmlStreamSource);

        if (errorHandler.getErrors().isEmpty()) {
            log.info("'{}' is valid against '{}'.", xbrlPath, entryPointXsd);
        }
        for (SAXParseException error : errorHandler.getErrors()) {
            log.error("Error: {}", error.toString());
        }
    }

    public static final class XsdErrorHandler implements ErrorHandler {
        // 代码省略
    }
}

环境说明 #

• 所有XBRL实例文件中link:schemaRef引用的XSD文件都已本地缓存，包括实例中声明的：

  <link:schemaRef xlink:href="http://sbr.gov.au/taxonomy/sbr_au_reports/sprstrm/sprcnt/sprcnt_0001/sprcnt.0001.conttrans.request.02.02.report.xsd" xlink:type="simple"/>
  

• 本地缓存了所有依赖的sbr.gov.au和www.xbrl.org的XSD文件，校验时不会发起网络请求。

现在我想搞清楚：为什么这个明明有效的XBRL文件会被XSD校验报结构错误？怎么调整我的校验逻辑，让XSD只检查我需要的内容（非ASCII字符、字段过长等），同时忽略这种不影响功能的结构误报？

内容来源于stack exchange