Pygame运行报'text must be a unicode or bytes'错误如何修复

错误原因 #

• 核心错误在Credits()函数的文本渲染逻辑：readlines()方法返回的是由所有行组成的列表，而pygame.font.render()要求第一个输入参数为字符串类型，传入列表直接触发类型不匹配报错
• 附带问题：
  • 重复打开读取Credits.txt文件，逻辑冗余效率低
  • 所有行渲染坐标都固定为(0,0)，文本会完全重叠无法正常查看
  • 小字体名称拼写错误：Banschrift应为Bahnschrift，可能导致字体加载异常

修复后完整代码 #

# 导入依赖
import pygame
import time
import sys


# 初始化pygame
pygame.init()

# 定义所需颜色
transparent = (0, 0, 0, 0)

# 定义游戏字体，修正了小字的字体拼写错误
Menufont = pygame.font.SysFont('Bahnschrift SemiBold', 70)
SmallMenufont = pygame.font.SysFont('Bahnschrift SemiBold', 20)

# 创建游戏窗口
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((1280, 720))

# 获取窗口宽高
width = screen.get_width()
height = screen.get_height()

time.sleep(0.1)

# 主菜单逻辑
def MainMenu():
    # 加载主菜单背景
    background = pygame.image.load('Main Menu Background.png')
    screen.blit(background, (0, 0))

    # 渲染主菜单按钮文本
    PlaySolo_text = Menufont.render("单人游戏", True, (3, 3, 116))
    PlayMulti_text = Menufont.render("多人游戏", True, (3, 3, 116))
    Leaders_text = Menufont.render("排行榜", True, (3, 3, 116))
    Credits_text = Menufont.render("制作人员", True, (3, 3, 116))
    Options_text = Menufont.render("设置", True, (3, 3, 116))
    Exit_text = Menufont.render("退出", True, (3, 3, 116))

    # 放置按钮文本
    screen.blit(PlaySolo_text, (229, 221))
    screen.blit(PlayMulti_text, (833, 221))
    screen.blit(Leaders_text, (243, 359))
    screen.blit(Credits_text, (863, 359))
    screen.blit(Options_text, (241, 492))
    screen.blit(Exit_text, (906, 492))

    # 更新界面
    pygame.display.update()

    # 主菜单事件循环
    Running = True
    while Running == True:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONUP:
                # 获取鼠标点击坐标
                mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
                print(mouse)
                # 点击单人游戏按钮
                if mouse[0] > 221 and mouse[0] < 454 and mouse[1] > 199 and mouse[1] < 289:
                    print("Play Solo")
                # 点击多人游戏按钮
                elif mouse[0] > 832 and mouse[0] < 1067 and mouse[1] > 199 and mouse[1] < 289:
                    print("Play Multi")
                # 点击排行榜按钮
                elif mouse[0] > 221 and mouse[0] < 454 and mouse[1] > 338 and mouse[1] < 428:
                    print("Leaders")
                # 点击制作人员按钮
                elif mouse[0] > 832 and mouse[0] < 1067 and mouse[1] > 338 and mouse[1] < 428:
                    background.fill(transparent)
                    screen.blit(background, (0, 0))
                    pygame.display.update()
                    # 跳转制作人员界面
                    Credits()
                # 点击设置按钮
                elif mouse[0] > 221 and mouse[0] < 451 and mouse[1] > 468 and mouse[1] < 561:
                    print("Options")
                # 点击退出按钮
                elif mouse[0] > 832 and mouse[0] < 1067 and mouse[1] > 468 and mouse[1] < 561:
                    Running = False
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                Running = False

def Credits():
    # 加载制作人员界面背景
    background = pygame.image.load('Credits Background.png')
    screen.blit(background, (0, 0))
    # 单次读取credits文件所有行，自动关闭文件
    with open("Credits.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
        # 过滤空行，去除每行首尾的换行符和空白
        credit_lines = [line.strip() for line in f.readlines() if line.strip()]
    # 逐行渲染文本，纵向偏移避免重叠
    y_pos = 50 # 初始纵向位置，可自行调整
    for line in credit_lines:
        CreditText = SmallMenufont.render(line, True, (238, 238, 238))
        screen.blit(CreditText, (100, y_pos)) # 左侧留100像素边距，可自行调整
        y_pos += 25 # 行间距25像素，可自行调整
    # 更新界面
    pygame.display.update()
    # 制作人员界面事件循环
    Running = True
    while Running == True:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                Running = False


MainMenu()

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者IMC364