Github Action仅定时触发不触发push，README渲染后commit推送异常

错误原因 #

你遇到的提交失败核心是Git命令参数冲突：git commit的-a（自动暂存所有已跟踪文件修改）参数和手动指定提交文件路径README.md不可同时使用，直接触发了日志中的报错。
除此之外你还缺少Git身份配置、Action仓库写入权限配置两个必要环节，同时当前配置仅支持macOS运行，不符合你多系统校验的需求。

具体修复方案 #

1. 修正Commit步骤的Git命令 #

移除冲突参数，补充Git身份配置，添加动态日期提交信息：

- name: Commit results
  run: |
    git config --global user.name "github-actions[bot]"
    git config --global user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
    git add README.md man/figures/README-* 2>/dev/null || true
    git commit -m "Re-build README.md $(date +'%Y-%m-%d')" || echo "No changes to commit"
    git push origin main || echo "No changes to commit"
  env:
    GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

2. 配置Action写入权限 #

在工作流根级别添加权限配置，允许Action修改仓库内容：

permissions:
  contents: write

3. 配置多系统运行矩阵 #

将runs-on: macOS-latest替换为系统矩阵，同时适配不同系统的依赖安装逻辑：

jobs:
  render:
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macOS-latest]
    steps:
      # 原有步骤保留，给不同系统的依赖安装增加对应if判断即可
      - name: "[Custom block] [Ubuntu] Install spatial libraries"
        if: runner.os == 'Linux'
        run: sudo apt-get install -y libgdal-dev libproj-dev libgeos-dev libgit2-dev
      - name: "[Custom block] [macOS] Install spatial libraries"
        if: runner.os == 'macOS'
        run: |
          rm '/usr/local/bin/gfortran'
          brew install pkg-config gdal proj geos libgit2

4. （可选）调整定时触发周期 #

如果要改为8小时执行一次，将cron配置修改为0 */8 * * *即可。

完整修正后的工作流参考 #

name: render readme

permissions:
  contents: write

on:
  push:
    paths:
      - README.Rmd
  schedule:
  - cron: 0 */4 * * *

jobs:
  render:
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macOS-latest]
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: r-lib/actions/setup-r@v2
      - uses: r-lib/actions/setup-pandoc@v2
      
      - name: "[Custom block] [Ubuntu] Install spatial libraries"
        if: runner.os == 'Linux'
        run: sudo apt-get install -y libgdal-dev libproj-dev libgeos-dev libgit2-dev
      
      - name: "[Custom block] [macOS] Install spatial libraries"
        if: runner.os == 'macOS'
        run: |
          rm '/usr/local/bin/gfortran'
          brew install pkg-config gdal proj geos libgit2
      
      - name: Install packages
        run: Rscript -e 'install.packages(c("rmarkdown", "pacman", "rgeos"))'
      
      - name: install rgdal
        if: runner.os != 'Windows'
        run: Rscript -e 'install.packages("rgdal", configure.args = c("--with-proj-lib=/usr/local/lib/", "--with-proj-include=/usr/local/include/"))'
      
      - name: install rgdal (Windows)
        if: runner.os == 'Windows'
        run: Rscript -e 'install.packages("rgdal")'
      
      - name: Render README
        run: Rscript -e 'rmarkdown::render("README.Rmd", output_format = "md_document")'
      
      - name: Commit results
        run: |
          git config --global user.name "github-actions[bot]"
          git config --global user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
          git add README.md man/figures/README-* 2>/dev/null || true
          git commit -m "Re-build README.md $(date +'%Y-%m-%d')" || echo "No changes to commit"
          git push origin main || echo "No changes to commit"
        env:
          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Derek Corcoran