创建带自定义分析器的Elasticsearch索引时遇illegal_argument_exception

从错误信息能直接看出问题所在：你使用的Elasticsearch版本应该是7.x或更高，而你的索引配置还在使用ES 6.x及更早版本的废弃/移除特性——_all字段和_parent类型，这才导致了非法参数异常。下面是针对性的修复方案：

1. 替换_all.enabled：用copy_to实现全字段检索 #

ES 7.x及以后彻底移除了_all字段，如果需要类似的全文检索能力，我们可以通过copy_to把需要聚合检索的字段内容复制到一个自定义的全文字段中（比如命名为all_fields），以此替代_all的功能。

2. 替换_parent：用join字段实现父子文档关系 #

ES 7+不再支持多文档类型（除了默认的_doc），原来的父子文档关系需要改用join字段来定义，而不能再用旧的_parent设置。

修改后的完整索引配置 #

下面是适配ES 7+的完整配置，既保留了你需要的西班牙语自定义分析器，又解决了兼容性问题：

{
  "index": "ar",
  "body": {
    "settings": {
      "analysis": {
        "analyzer": {
          "spanish": {
            "type": "custom",
            "tokenizer": "standard",
            "filter": [
              "lowercase",
              "asciifolding",
              "spanish_stop",
              "spanish_stemmer"
            ]
          }
        },
        "filter": {
          "spanish_stemmer": {
            "type": "stemmer",
            "language": "light_spanish"
          },
          "spanish_stop": {
            "type": "stop",
            "stopwords": "_spanish_"
          }
        }
      }
    },
    "mappings": {
      "properties": {
        // 定义join字段实现父子文档关系
        "doc_type": {
          "type": "join",
          "relations": {
            "people": ["applications", "resume_details"]
          }
        },
        // 自定义全文字段，替代原有的_all
        "all_fields": {
          "type": "text",
          "analyzer": "spanish"
        },
        // People类文档字段
        "email": {
          "type": "text",
          "analyzer": "spanish",
          "search_analyzer": "spanish",
          "copy_to": "all_fields"
        },
        "url": {
          "type": "text",
          "analyzer": "spanish",
          "search_analyzer": "spanish",
          "copy_to": "all_fields"
        },
        "created_at": {
          "type": "date"
        },
        "avatar64": {
          "type": "text",
          "analyzer": "spanish",
          "search_analyzer": "spanish",
          "copy_to": "all_fields"
        },
        "description": {
          "type": "text",
          "analyzer": "spanish",
          "search_analyzer": "spanish",
          "copy_to": "all_fields"
        },
        "first_name": {
          "type": "text",
          "analyzer": "spanish",
          "search_analyzer": "spanish",
          "copy_to": "all_fields"
        },
        "last_name": {
          "type": "text",
          "analyzer": "spanish",
          "search_analyzer": "spanish",
          "copy_to": "all_fields"
        },
        "nickname": {
          "type": "text",
          "analyzer": "spanish",
          "search_analyzer": "spanish",
          "copy_to": "all_fields"
        },
        "phone": {
          "type": "text",
          "analyzer": "spanish",
          "search_analyzer": "spanish",
          "copy_to": "all_fields"
        },
        "state": {
          "type": "text",
          "analyzer": "spanish",
          "search_analyzer": "spanish",
          "copy_to": "all_fields"
        },
        "phone2": {
          "type": "text",
          "analyzer": "spanish",
          "search_analyzer": "spanish",
          "copy_to": "all_fields"
        },
        "country": {
          "type": "integer"
        },
        "headline": {
          "type": "text",
          "analyzer": "spanish",
          "search_analyzer": "spanish",
          "copy_to": "all_fields"
        },
        "location": {
          "type": "text",
          "analyzer": "spanish",
          "search_analyzer": "spanish",
          "copy_to": "all_fields"
        },
        "slug_url": {
          "type": "text",
          "analyzer": "spanish",
          "search_analyzer": "spanish",
          "copy_to": "all_fields"
        },
        "zip_code": {
          "type": "text",
          "analyzer": "spanish",
          "search_analyzer": "spanish",
          "copy_to": "all_fields"
        },
        "modified_at": {
          "type": "date"
        },
        // Applications类文档字段
        "applicant_name": {
          "type": "text",
          "analyzer": "spanish",
          "search_analyzer": "spanish",
          "copy_to": "all_fields"
        },
        "applied_at": {
          "type": "date"
        },
        "job_id": {
          "type": "integer"
        },
        "message": {
          "type": "text",
          "analyzer": "spanish",
          "search_analyzer": "spanish",
          "copy_to": "all_fields"
        },
        "status": {
          "type": "boolean"
        },
        // Resume_details类文档字段
        "resume_type": {
          "type": "integer"
        },
        "title": {
          "type": "text",
          "analyzer": "spanish",
          "search_analyzer": "spanish",
          "copy_to": "all_fields"
        },
        "grantor": {
          "type": "text",
          "analyzer": "spanish",
          "search_analyzer": "spanish",
          "copy_to": "all_fields"
        },
        "resume_message": {
          "type": "text",
          "analyzer": "spanish",
          "search_analyzer": "spanish",
          "copy_to": "all_fields"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

关键修改说明 #

• 分析器优化：我把你定义的spanish_stop和spanish_stemmer过滤器加到了自定义西班牙语分析器中，这样分词效果会更贴合西班牙语的检索场景，如果你不需要可以直接移除。
• join字段替代_parent：新增doc_type字段作为join类型，明确people是父文档，applications和resume_details是子文档。
• copy_to替代_all：每个需要参与全文检索的字段都添加了copy_to: "all_fields"，查询all_fields就能实现原_all字段的检索效果。
• 移除多类型：ES 7+仅支持单文档类型（默认_doc），所以把原来的三个类型合并为一个，用join字段区分文档类别。

数据写入注意事项 #

写入子文档（applications或resume_details）时，需要指定对应父文档的ID，PHP API示例如下：

$params = [
    'index' => 'ar',
    'id' => 'child_app_id',
    'body' => [
        'doc_type' => [
            'name' => 'applications',
            'parent' => 'parent_people_id'
        ],
        'applicant_name' => 'Juan Perez',
        // 其他字段...
    ]
];
$response = $client->index($params);

这样修改后，你就能成功创建索引，同时保留所需的西班牙语分析器和父子文档关系了。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Lautaro Aguirre