如何统计字典中每位奥斯卡最佳导演获奖次数并修正现有代码错误

原代码核心错误 #

• 遍历对象错误：循环遍历了刚初始化的空列表best_director，而非存放获奖数据的winners字典，导致循环根本不会执行
• 存储结构错误：统计导演获奖次数需要用字典（键为导演名，值为获奖次数），而非列表，列表无法通过字符串索引取值
• 计数逻辑错误：原代码中else分支和外层for循环对齐，逻辑完全不符合计数需求，没有做「导演是否已存在于统计字典」的判断

修复后可运行代码 #

winners = {1931: ['Norman Taurog'], 1932: ['Frank Borzage'], 1933: ['Frank Lloyd'], 1934: ['Frank Capra'], 1935: ['John Ford'], 1936: ['Frank Capra'], 1937: ['Leo McCarey'], 1938: ['Frank Capra'], 1939: ['Victor Fleming'], 1940: ['John Ford'], 1941: ['John Ford'], 1942: ['William Wyler'], 1943: ['Michael Curtiz'], 1944: ['Leo McCarey'], 1945: ['Billy Wilder'], 1946: ['William Wyler'], 1947: ['Elia Kazan'], 1948: ['John Huston'], 1949: ['Joseph L. Mankiewicz'], 1950: ['Joseph L. Mankiewicz'], 1951: ['George Stevens'], 1952: ['John Ford'], 1953: ['Fred Zinnemann'], 1954: ['Elia Kazan'], 1955: ['Delbert Mann'], 1956: ['George Stevens'], 1957: ['David Lean'], 1958: ['Vincente Minnelli'], 1959: ['William Wyler'], 1960: ['Billy Wilder'], 1961: ['Jerome Robbins', 'Robert Wise'], 1962: ['David Lean'], 1963: ['Tony Richardson'], 1964: ['George Cukor'], 1965: ['Robert Wise'], 1966: ['Fred Zinnemann'], 1967: ['Mike Nichols'], 1968: ['Carol Reed'], 1969: ['John Schlesinger'], 1970: ['Franklin J. Schaffner'], 1971: ['William Friedkin'], 1972: ['Bob Fosse'], 1973: ['George Roy Hill'], 1974: ['Francis Ford Coppola'], 1975: ['Milos Forman'], 1976: ['John G. Avildsen'], 1977: ['Woody Allen'], 1978: ['Michael Cimino'], 1979: ['Robert Benton'], 1980: ['Robert Redford'], 1981: ['Warren Beatty'], 1982: ['Richard Attenborough'], 1983: ['James L. Brooks'], 1984: ['Milos Forman'], 1985: ['Sydney Pollack'], 1986: ['Oliver Stone'], 1987: ['Bernardo Bertolucci'], 1988: ['Barry Levinson'], 1989: ['Oliver Stone'], 1990: ['Kevin Costner'], 1991: ['Jonathan Demme'], 1992: ['Clint Eastwood'], 1993: ['Steven Spielberg'], 1994: ['Robert Zemeckis'], 1995: ['Mel Gibson'], 1996: ['Anthony Minghella'], 1997: ['James Cameron'], 1998: ['Steven Spielberg'], 1999: ['Sam Mendes'], 2000: ['Steven Soderbergh'], 2001: ['Ron Howard'], 2002: ['Roman Polanski'], 2003: ['Peter Jackson'], 2004: ['Clint Eastwood'], 2005: ['Ang Lee'], 2006: ['Martin Scorsese'], 2007: ['Ethan Coen', 'Joel Coen'], 2008: ['Danny Boyle'], 2009: ['Kathryn Bigelow'], 2010: ['Tom Hooper']}

# 初始化统计用字典
best_director = {}
# 遍历获奖数据字典
for year, winnerlist in winners.items():
    for winner in winnerlist:
        # 存在则计数+1，不存在则初始化为1
        if winner in best_director:
            best_director[winner] += 1
        else:
            best_director[winner] = 1

# 筛选获奖最多的导演
top_count = max(best_director.values())
top_directors = [name for name, cnt in best_director.items() if cnt == top_count]
print("获奖次数最多的导演：{}，获奖次数：{}".format('、'.join(top_directors), top_count))
print("所有导演获奖统计：{}".format(best_director))

运行结果 #

获奖次数最多的导演：John Ford，获奖次数：4
所有导演获奖统计：{'Norman Taurog': 1, 'Frank Borzage': 1, 'Frank Lloyd': 1, 'Frank Capra': 3, 'John Ford': 4, 'Leo McCarey': 2, 'Victor Fleming': 1, 'William Wyler': 3, 'Michael Curtiz': 1, 'Billy Wilder': 2, 'Elia Kazan': 2, 'John Huston': 1, 'Joseph L. Mankiewicz': 2, 'George Stevens': 2, 'Fred Zinnemann': 2, 'Delbert Mann': 1, 'David Lean': 2, 'Vincente Minnelli': 1, 'Jerome Robbins': 1, 'Robert Wise': 2, 'Tony Richardson': 1, 'George Cukor': 1, 'Mike Nichols': 1, 'Carol Reed': 1, 'John Schlesinger': 1, 'Franklin J. Schaffner': 1, 'William Friedkin': 1, 'Bob Fosse': 1, 'George Roy Hill': 1, 'Francis Ford Coppola': 1, 'Milos Forman': 2, 'John G. Avildsen': 1, 'Woody Allen': 1, 'Michael Cimino': 1, 'Robert Benton': 1, 'Robert Redford': 1, 'Warren Beatty': 1, 'Richard Attenborough': 1, 'James L. Brooks': 1, 'Sydney Pollack': 1, 'Oliver Stone': 2, 'Bernardo Bertolucci': 1, 'Barry Levinson': 1, 'Kevin Costner': 1, 'Jonathan Demme': 1, 'Clint Eastwood': 2, 'Steven Spielberg': 2, 'Robert Zemeckis': 1, 'Mel Gibson': 1, 'Anthony Minghella': 1, 'James Cameron': 1, 'Sam Mendes': 1, 'Steven Soderbergh': 1, 'Ron Howard': 1, 'Roman Polanski': 1, 'Peter Jackson': 1, 'Ang Lee': 1, 'Martin Scorsese': 1, 'Ethan Coen': 1, 'Joel Coen': 1, 'Danny Boyle': 1, 'Kathryn Bigelow': 1, 'Tom Hooper': 1}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Al M. Rodriguez