如何在kable的PDF输出中实现单词跨行拆分避免单元格文本重叠

你可以通过组合LaTeX断词配置和kableExtra参数设置实现强制单词拆分，具体操作如下：

步骤1：引入必要LaTeX包并配置断词规则 #

修改Rmd文件头部的header-includes部分，加入断词相关的依赖和配置：

---
title: "Queries"
header-includes:
- \usepackage{pdflscape}
- \usepackage{longtable}
- \usepackage{ragged2e}
- \usepackage{hyphenat}
- \hyphenpenalty=10 # 降低断词惩罚，值越小越容易触发断词
- \exhyphenpenalty=10 # 允许带连字符的词汇拆分
output: 
  pdf_document:
    toc: false
---

步骤2：调整列配置启用断词 #

在column_spec中添加extra_latex_after参数，插入\raggedright\hspace{0pt}开启单元格内的断词逻辑：
\hspace{0pt}是解决长单词溢出的核心配置，作用是让LaTeX从单词起始位置就开始判断断词可能性，不可省略
如果需要保持两端对齐的排版，把\raggedright替换为\justifying即可

genpop %>%
    kbl( longtable = TRUE, escape = F, booktabs = T, caption = 'Some text') %>% 
    column_spec(1, width = "6em", extra_latex_after = "\\raggedright\\hspace{0pt}")%>%
    column_spec(2, width = "6em", extra_latex_after = "\\raggedright\\hspace{0pt}")%>% 
    column_spec(3, width = "3em", extra_latex_after = "\\raggedright\\hspace{0pt}")%>%
    column_spec(4, width = "2em", extra_latex_after = "\\raggedright\\hspace{0pt}")%>%
    column_spec(5, width = "4em", extra_latex_after = "\\raggedright\\hspace{0pt}")%>%
    column_spec(6, width = "4em", extra_latex_after = "\\raggedright\\hspace{0pt}")%>%
    column_spec(7, width = "4em", extra_latex_after = "\\raggedright\\hspace{0pt}")%>%
    column_spec(8, width = "4em", extra_latex_after = "\\raggedright\\hspace{0pt}")%>%
    column_spec(9, width = "4em", extra_latex_after = "\\raggedright\\hspace{0pt}")%>%
    column_spec(10, width = "4em", extra_latex_after = "\\raggedright\\hspace{0pt}")%>%
    column_spec(11, width = "9em", extra_latex_after = "\\raggedright\\hspace{0pt}")%>%
    column_spec(12, width = "9em", extra_latex_after = "\\raggedright\\hspace{0pt}")%>%
  kable_styling(latex_options = c("repeat_header"), font_size = 10, repeat_header_method = "replace")%>%
  footnote(general = "description", general_title = "")%>%
  landscape()

补充：特殊专业词汇手动指定断词位置 #

如果是LaTeX默认词库没有收录的医学、统计类专业词汇，你可以预处理数据框的文本内容，在可拆分的位置插入\-标记手动指定断词点，比如：

# 示例：给antihypertensive指定断词位置
genpop$`Other significant` <- gsub("antihypertensive", "anti\\-hypertensive", genpop$`Other significant`)

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Mark Davies