如何在Laravel Seeder和Factory中使用指定预定义数据填充数据表

前置说明 #

假设你的places表对应字段为：custom_id（自定义标识）、district（行政区）、address（地址）、latitude（纬度）、longitude（经度），且对应的App\Models\Place模型已创建，对应字段已加入模型的$fillable属性避免批量赋值报错。

方案一：无需Factory，直接在Seeder中插入预定义数据 #

适合完全不需要生成伪造测试数据的场景，操作更直接：

• 执行命令生成Seeder文件：
  php artisan make:seeder PlaceSeeder
• 编辑database/seeders/PlaceSeeder.php文件，内容如下：

<?php

namespace Database\Seeders;

use App\Models\Place;
use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;

class PlaceSeeder extends Seeder
{
    public function run()
    {
        // 预定义的地点数据
        $places = [
            ['custom_id' => 1851, 'district' => 'Long Ridge', 'address' => '3196 High Ridge Rd', 'latitude' => 41.17530211, 'longitude' => -73.56473089000001],
            ['custom_id' => 1852, 'district' => 'Long Ridge', 'address' => 'Fairway Dr', 'latitude' => 41.17431056, 'longitude' => -73.56484688],
            ['custom_id' => 1850, 'district' => 'Long Ridge', 'address' => '3143 High Ridge Rd', 'latitude' => 41.17365836, 'longitude' => -73.56433814],
            ['custom_id' => 1853, 'district' => 'Long Ridge', 'address' => '69 Fairway Dr', 'latitude' => 41.17321183, 'longitude' => -73.56777862],
            ['custom_id' => 1854, 'district' => 'Long Ridge', 'address' => '137 Fairway Dr', 'latitude' => 41.17195677, 'longitude' => -73.56931346],
            ['custom_id' => 1849, 'district' => 'Long Ridge', 'address' => '3081 High Ridge Rd', 'latitude' => 41.17156046, 'longitude' => -73.56332694],
            ['custom_id' => 1857, 'district' => 'Long Ridge', 'address' => '55 Greens Cir', 'latitude' => 41.17155058, 'longitude' => -73.56715740999999],
            ['custom_id' => 1856, 'district' => 'Long Ridge', 'address' => '10 Greens Cir', 'latitude' => 41.17111036, 'longitude' => -73.56860723],
        ];

        foreach ($places as $place) {
            Place::create($place);
        }
    }
}

• 执行Seeder插入数据：
  php artisan db:seed --class=PlaceSeeder
  如果需要每次执行全量Seeder时自动运行，可在database/seeders/DatabaseSeeder.php的run方法中添加：
  $this->call(PlaceSeeder::class);

方案二：配合Factory实现 #

适合后续还需要用Factory生成伪造测试数据的场景：

• 先创建PlaceFactory，执行命令：
  php artisan make:factory PlaceFactory
• 编辑database/factories/PlaceFactory.php内容：

<?php

namespace Database\Factories;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory;

class PlaceFactory extends Factory
{
    public function definition()
    {
        return [
            // 伪造数据的默认值，后续插入预定义数据时会覆盖
            'custom_id' => $this->faker->randomNumber(),
            'district' => $this->faker->city(),
            'address' => $this->faker->address(),
            'latitude' => $this->faker->latitude(),
            'longitude' => $this->faker->longitude(),
        ];
    }
}

• 修改上述PlaceSeeder中的循环插入逻辑，替换为Factory写法：

foreach ($places as $place) {
    Place::factory()->create($place);
}

运行Seeder的方式和方案一完全一致。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者SiriusPhil