如何通过命令行发布Windows Application Package Project并支持ARM64

如何通过命令行发布UWP包？ #

我有一个使用Windows Application Package Project打包的WPF应用，最终要发布到微软商店。
为了通过商店审核，WPF项目需要使用我命名为“UWP”的预处理器指令编译，禁用商店应用不允许的功能。
我正在将WPF应用从.NET Framework 4.8迁移到.NET 5，同时希望通过命令行简化发布流程。 #

是否有办法配置或更新包以支持ARM64？ #

该应用的非商店版本会发布x86、x64和ARM64三个架构，我希望商店版本也保持一致。
查看WAPP时我发现ARM64不在可选架构列表中。如截图所示，我可以创建ARM64构建配置，但架构没有出现在列表中。
#

我的尝试（命令行问题） #

我尝试运行以下命令：

MSBuild.exe C:\Project-UWP\Project.UWP\Project.UWP.wapproj /p:DefineConstants=UWP /p:Configuration=Release;AppxBundle=Always;AppxBundlePlatforms="x86|x64|ARM64" /p:OutDir="..\Publish\UWP"

但收到以下报错：

Microsoft (R) Build Engine version 16.11.0+0538acc04 for .NET Framework
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Build started 29/09/2021 22:09:19.
Project "C:\Project-UWP\Project.UWP\Project.UWP.wapproj" on node 1 (default targets).
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(1718,5): warning NU1702: ProjectReference 'C:\Project\Project.csproj' was resolved using '.NETCoreApp,Version=v6.0' instead of the project target framework '.NETFramework,Version=v4.5.1'. This project may not be fully compatible with your project. [C:\Project-UWP\Project.UWP\Project.UWP.wapproj]
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(1718,5): warning NU1702: ProjectReference 'C:\Project\Project.csproj' was resolved using '.NETCoreApp,Version=v6.0' instead of the project target framework '.NETFramework,Version=v4.5.1'. This project may not be fully compatible with your project. [C:\Project-UWP\Project.UWP\Project.UWP.wapproj]
_ResolveVCLibDependencies:
  Searching for SDKs targeting "UAP, 10.0.20348.0".
Project "C:\Project-UWP\Project.UWP\Project.UWP.wapproj" (1) is building "C:\Project\Project.csproj" (2:9) on node 1 (publish target(s)).
C:\Program Files\dotnet\sdk\5.0.401\Sdks\Microsoft.NET.Sdk\targets\Microsoft.PackageDependencyResolution.targets(241,5): error NETSDK1047: Assets file 'C:\Project\Project\obj\project.assets.json' doesn't have a target for 'net5.0-windows/win-x86'. Ensure that restore has run and that you have included 'net5.0-windows' in the TargetFrameworks for your project. You may also need to include 'win-x86' in your project's RuntimeIdentifiers. [C:\Project\Project.csproj]
Done Building Project "C:\Project\Project.csproj" (publish target(s)) -- FAILED.
Done Building Project "C:\Project-UWP\Project.UWP\Project.UWP.wapproj" (default targets) -- FAILED.

Build FAILED.

"C:\Project-UWP\Project.UWP\Project.UWP.wapproj" (default target) (1) ->
(_GetProjectReferenceTargetFrameworkProperties target) -> 
  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(1718,5): warning NU1702: ProjectReference 'C:\Project\Project.csproj' was resolved using '.NETCoreApp,Version=v6.0' instead of the project target framework '.NETFramework,Version=v4.5.1'. This project may not be fully compatible with your project. [C:\Project-UWP\Project.UWP\Project.UWP.wapproj]
  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(1718,5): warning NU1702: ProjectReference 'C:\Project\Project.csproj' was resolved using '.NETCoreApp,Version=v6.0' instead of the project target framework '.NETFramework,Version=v4.5.1'. This project may not be fully compatible with your project. [C:\Project-UWP\Project.UWP\Project.UWP.wapproj]


"C:\Project-UWP\Project.UWP\Project.UWP.wapproj" (default target) (1) ->
"C:\Project\Project.csproj" (publish target) (2:9) ->
(ResolvePackageAssets target) -> 
  C:\Program Files\dotnet\sdk\5.0.401\Sdks\Microsoft.NET.Sdk\targets\Microsoft.PackageDependencyResolution.targets(241,5): error NETSDK1047: Assets file 'C:\Project\obj\project.assets.json' doesn't have a target for 'net5.0-windows/win-x86'. Ensure that restore has run and that you have included 'net5.0-windows' in the TargetFrameworks for your project. You may also need to include 'win-x86' in your project's RuntimeIdentifiers. [C:\Project\Project.csproj]

    2 Warning(s)
    1 Error(s)

Time Elapsed 00:00:01.31

注意存在和框架引用相关的警告：

ProjectReference C:\Project\Project.csproj was resolved using .NETCoreApp,Version=v6.0 instead of the project target framework .NETFramework,Version=v4.5.1. 
This project may not be fully compatible with your project. Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets 1719

WPF项目已经设置为使用.NET 5，我不清楚为什么会出现.NETCoreApp 6和.NET Framework 4.5.1的引用。 #

我的尝试（ARM64缺失问题） #

我从零新建了一个WAPP，发现架构列表中出现了ARM64选项。

但通过右键菜单手动发布时，我收到以下报错：

The specified RuntimeIdentifier 'win-ARM64' is not recognized.  

解决方案 #

一、修复命令行发布报错 #

1. 调整WPF项目配置
   打开WPF项目的.csproj文件，确认目标框架配置正确，同时添加所有需要的运行时标识符：

<PropertyGroup>
  <TargetFramework>net5.0-windows</TargetFramework>
  <RuntimeIdentifiers>win-x86;win-x64;win-arm64</RuntimeIdentifiers>
  <!-- 保留原有其他配置项 -->
</PropertyGroup>

2. 修复WAPP项目框架兼容警告
   打开.wapproj项目文件，修改最低目标平台版本，同时添加兼容配置消除框架不匹配警告：

<PropertyGroup>
  <TargetPlatformMinVersion>10.0.17763.0</TargetPlatformMinVersion>
  <AssetTargetFallback>net5.0-windows</AssetTargetFallback>
</PropertyGroup>

旧WAPP项目默认的目标框架是.NET Framework 4.5.1，这是出现NU1702警告的原因，添加以上配置后即可消除该警告。
3. 调整发布命令
需要先执行依赖还原操作，再执行打包发布，正确命令顺序如下：
首先还原所有架构的依赖：

MSBuild.exe C:\Project-UWP\Project.UWP\Project.UWP.wapproj /t:Restore /p:Configuration=Release /p:RuntimeIdentifiers=win-x86;win-x64;win-arm64

再执行打包：

MSBuild.exe C:\Project-UWP\Project.UWP\Project.UWP.wapproj /p:DefineConstants=UWP /p:Configuration=Release /p:AppxBundle=Always /p:AppxBundlePlatforms="x86|x64|arm64" /p:OutDir="..\Publish\UWP" /p:AppxPackageDir="..\Publish\UWP"

二、修复ARM64支持问题 #

1. 确认WAPP项目版本配置
   只有当WAPP项目的TargetPlatformMinVersion高于等于10.0.17763.0时，才会显示ARM64架构选项，旧项目没有该选项就是因为最低版本设置过低，按上文中的方式修改配置即可。
2. 统一运行时标识符大小写
   .NET的运行时标识符（RID）是大小写敏感的，必须使用小写的win-arm64，不要使用大写的win-ARM64，否则会出现无法识别的报错。
3. 检查构建配置
   打开Visual Studio的配置管理器，确认ARM64平台已经添加到WPF和WAPP项目的构建配置中，且两个项目的ARM64配置都勾选了生成选项。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Nicke Manarin