tabularx无法适配\textwidth/\linewidth问题求助

嘿，我一眼就瞅出问题所在啦！你用了tabularx环境，但完全没用到它的核心——X列类型，这就是表格主体没法适配\linewidth的关键原因！

tabularx的工作逻辑是靠X列来自动分配剩余宽度的，你现在全用了c、l这类固定宽度的列，它就跟普通的tabular环境没啥区别了，自然不会帮你把表格缩到指定的宽度。至于首尾的\hline看起来适配了，那是因为tabularx会强制让\hline跟着你设定的\linewidth走，但列本身的宽度没调整，就出现了线宽、表格主体窄的违和感。

给你两个实用的解决方案：

方案1：正确利用tabularx的X列 #

把部分列改成X类型，还可以通过>{centering\arraybackslash}X让X列内容居中（默认X是左对齐的）。针对你的表格，我们可以把后面8个数据列都设为居中的X列，修改后的代码如下：

\begin{table}[h!] 
\centering 
\caption{asdf} 
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{cc*{8}{>{centering\arraybackslash}X}} 
\hline 
& & \multicolumn{4}{c}{X = Gini} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{X = Selfishness} \\ 
\cline{3-10} 
Treatment & Round & \multicolumn{2}{c}{WMW} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Schlag} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{WMW} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Schlag} \\ 
& & \multicolumn{1}{c}{reduced} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{full} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{reduced} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{full} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{reduced} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{full} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{reduced} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{full} \\ 
\cline{3-10} 
\multirow{3}{*}{1} & 1 & .123*** & .123*** & .123*** & .123*** & .123*** & .123*** & .123*** & .123*** \\ 
& 2 & .123** & .123** & .123** & .123** & .123** & .123** & .123** & .123** \\ 
& 3 & .123* & .123* & .123* & .123* & .123* & .123* & .123* & .123* \\ 
\multirow{3}{*}{2} & 1 & .123 & .123 & .123 & .123 & .123 & .123 & .123 & .123 \\ 
& 2 & .123 & .123 & .123 & .123 & .123 & .123 & .123 & .123 \\ 
& 3 & .123 & .123 & .123 & .123 & .123 & .123 & .123 & .123 \\ 
\hline 
\end{tabularx} 
\end{table}

方案2：缩小字号快速适配 #

如果你不想调整列类型，直接缩小表格字号也是个简单有效的办法。可以在tabularx环境前加上\footnotesize或者\scriptsize，示例代码如下：

\begin{table}[h!] 
\centering 
\footnotesize % 缩小字号，也可以用\scriptsize进一步缩小
\caption{asdf} 
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{ccllllllll} 
\hline 
& & \multicolumn{4}{c}{X = Gini} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{X = Selfishness} \\ 
\cline{3-10} 
Treatment & Round & \multicolumn{2}{c}{WMW} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Schlag} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{WMW} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Schlag} \\ 
& & \multicolumn{1}{c}{reduced} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{full} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{reduced} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{full} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{reduced} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{full} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{reduced} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{full} \\ 
\cline{3-10} 
\multirow{3}{*}{1} & 1 & .123*** & .123*** & .123*** & .123*** & .123*** & .123*** & .123*** & .123*** \\ 
& 2 & .123** & .123** & .123** & .123** & .123** & .123** & .123** & .123** \\ 
& 3 & .123* & .123* & .123* & .123* & .123* & .123* & .123* & .123* \\ 
\multirow{3}{*}{2} & 1 & .123 & .123 & .123 & .123 & .123 & .123 & .123 & .123 \\ 
& 2 & .123 & .123 & .123 & .123 & .123 & .123 & .123 & .123 \\ 
& 3 & .123 & .123 & .123 & .123 & .123 & .123 & .123 & .123 \\ 
\hline 
\end{tabularx} 
\end{table}

你可以根据自己的需求选其中一种方案试试，应该就能解决表格适配的问题啦！

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Georg S.