Ubuntu 18.04安装Nautilus失败（依赖未满足）求助

Let's work through this Nautilus reinstallation issue step by step—those version mismatch errors are tricky, but we can sort them out.

What's Going On #

You uninstalled Nautilus to fix a USB drive mounting problem, but now you can't get it back because of conflicting package versions. The errors show Nautilus is trying to install an older version that doesn't match the updated dependencies (libnautilus-extension1a, nautilus-data, gvfs*) already on your system. You've tried apt-get install -f, aptitude, and updating/upgrading, but nothing's stuck.

Step-by-Step Fixes #

1. Check for "Held" Packages #

First, some packages might be locked (held) at their current versions, which blocks Nautilus from installing. Let's find them:

dpkg --get-selections | grep hold

If you see any of the conflicting packages (like libnautilus-extension1a or gvfs), unlock them with this command (replace PACKAGE_NAME with the actual package):

sudo dpkg --set-selections <<< "PACKAGE_NAME install"

2. Reinstall Matching Dependency Versions #

The main issue is that Nautilus is requesting older dependencies, but your system has newer ones. Let's align everything by reinstalling the exact versions your system already uses:

# Fix Nautilus-related dependencies
sudo apt-get install --reinstall libnautilus-extension1a=1:3.26.4-0~ubuntu18.04.1 nautilus-data=1:3.26.4-0~ubuntu18.04.1

# Fix gvfs-related dependencies
sudo apt-get install --reinstall gvfs=1.36.1-0ubuntu1.1 gvfs-daemons=1.36.1-0ubuntu1.1 gvfs-libs=1.36.1-0ubuntu1.1 gvfs-common=1.36.1-0ubuntu1.1

This makes sure all dependencies are on the same page.

3. Install Nautilus (and Fix USB Mounting) #

Now install Nautilus again, along with gvfs-backends (which is key for USB drive support):

sudo apt-get install -f nautilus gvfs-backends

The -f flag will automatically clean up any remaining dependency mess during the install.

4. Test It Out #

Once it's done, check if Nautilus is working:

nautilus --version

Plug in your USB drive—if it still doesn't mount, restart the disk management service:

sudo systemctl restart udisks2

That should kickstart the USB mounting process.

Backup Plan: Use Aptitude to Downgrade #

If the above doesn't work, try aptitude again but pick the downgrade option instead of keeping packages as-is:

sudo aptitude install nautilus

When you see the list of solutions, look for one that says it will downgrade the conflicting packages to match Nautilus's needs. Type the number for that solution and hit Enter—it might take a minute, but it should resolve the version mismatch.

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Min Chen