如何使用Python将非规整student.txt数据按规则写入结构化student.csv？

思路说明 #

• 逐行读取原始txt文件，对每行做清洗：去除首尾空白、末尾多余逗号
• 用临时变量存储当前正在处理的name、对应的sibling列表、hobby列表
• 每次读取到新的name->条目时，先将上一个name的所有关联数据写入csv，再重置临时变量存储新的name
• 所有行读取完成后，手动写入最后一个name的关联数据，避免遗漏
• 写入时如果对应字段没有数据，统一填N/A；如果有多个值，按预期格式分行展示，非首行的对应前序列留白处理

完整实现代码 #

import csv

# 初始化临时存储变量
current_name = None
current_siblings = []
current_hobbies = []

# 读取txt文件，清洗每行格式
with open('student.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as txt_file:
    lines = [line.strip().rstrip(',') for line in txt_file if line.strip()]

# 写入csv文件
with open('student.csv', 'w', encoding='utf-8', newline='') as csv_file:
    writer = csv.writer(csv_file)
    # 写入表头
    writer.writerow(['Name', 'Sibling', 'Hobbies'])
    
    for line in lines:
        # 遇到新的name条目，先写入上一个name的全量数据
        if line.startswith('name->'):
            if current_name is not None:
                # 计算当前name对应的行数，取sibling和hobby的数量最大值
                max_rows = max(len(current_siblings), len(current_hobbies), 1)
                for i in range(max_rows):
                    name_col = current_name if i == 0 else ''
                    sibling_col = current_siblings[i] if i < len(current_siblings) else ('N/A' if i == 0 and len(current_siblings) == 0 else '')
                    hobby_col = current_hobbies[i] if i < len(current_hobbies) else ('N/A' if i == 0 and len(current_hobbies) == 0 else '')
                    writer.writerow([name_col, sibling_col, hobby_col])
            # 重置临时变量存储新的name
            current_name = line
            current_siblings = []
            current_hobbies = []
        elif line.startswith('sibling->'):
            current_siblings.append(line)
        elif line.startswith('hobby_'):
            current_hobbies.append(line)
    
    # 写入最后一个name的全量数据
    if current_name is not None:
        max_rows = max(len(current_siblings), len(current_hobbies), 1)
        for i in range(max_rows):
            name_col = current_name if i == 0 else ''
            sibling_col = current_siblings[i] if i < len(current_siblings) else ('N/A' if i == 0 and len(current_siblings) == 0 else '')
            hobby_col = current_hobbies[i] if i < len(current_hobbies) else ('N/A' if i == 0 and len(current_hobbies) == 0 else '')
            writer.writerow([name_col, sibling_col, hobby_col])

效果说明 #

使用Python内置csv模块写入避免分隔符冲突，兼容性更强，最终输出的csv完全匹配你给出的预期格式：无对应值的字段自动填N/A，同组多值条目前列自动留空，格式对齐规整。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者SirCuddles