安装Django项目时无法打开citext.control扩展控制文件问题求助

运行环境 #

• Ubuntu 20.04 搭配 Python 3.8，Debian 10 搭配 Python 3.7
• 已尝试 PostgreSQL 11、12、14 三个版本
• Psycopg2-binary 版本为 2.8.6

问题概述 #

安装 Django 项目时触发如下报错：
psycopg2.errors.UndefinedFile: could not open extension control file "/usr/share/pgsql/extension/citext.control": No such file or directory

psycopg 开发人员表示该问题大概率与 postgresql-contrib 库相关，多数用户通过安装 postgresql-contrib 解决该问题，但该方案对本次场景无效，也尝试过单独安装 postgresql-12。

已确认 citext.control 文件实际存在于 /usr/share/postgresql/12/extension/citext.control 路径下，因此尝试执行软链接命令 ln -s /usr/share/postgresql/12 /usr/share/pgsql，问题仍未解决。

也在 PostgreSQL 中手动执行了 CREATE EXTENSION citext; 命令，依旧无效。

目前项目上线计划已被该问题阻塞，恳请各位提供可行解决方案，万分感谢。

报错堆栈 #

Running migrations:
  Applying core.0043_install_ci_extension_pg...Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/user/venvs/janeway/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 64, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
psycopg2.errors.UndefinedFile: could not open extension control file "/usr/share/pgsql/extension/citext.control": No such file or directory


The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 16, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/home/user/venvs/janeway/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 364, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/home/user/venvs/janeway/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 356, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/home/user/venvs/janeway/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 283, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "/home/user/venvs/janeway/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 330, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "/home/user/janeway/src/utils/management/commands/install_janeway.py", line 58, in handle
    call_command('migrate')
  File "/home/user/venvs/janeway/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 131, in call_command
    return command.execute(*args, **defaults)
  File "/home/user/venvs/janeway/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 330, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "/home/user/venvs/janeway/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py", line 202, in handle
    post_migrate_state = executor.migrate(
  File "/home/user/venvs/janeway/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 115, in migrate
    state = self._migrate_all_forwards(state, plan, full_plan, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial)
  File "/home/user/venvs/janeway/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 145, in _migrate_all_forwards
    state = self.apply_migration(state, migration, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial)
  File "/home/user/venvs/janeway/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 244, in apply_migration
    state = migration.apply(state, schema_editor)
  File "/home/user/venvs/janeway/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/migrations/migration.py", line 129, in apply
    operation.database_forwards(self.app_label, schema_editor, old_state, project_state)
  File "/home/user/venvs/janeway/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/contrib/postgres/operations.py", line 17, in database_forwards
    schema_editor.execute("CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS %s" % schema_editor.quote_name(self.name))
  File "/home/user/venvs/janeway/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/schema.py", line 136, in execute
    cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "/home/user/venvs/janeway/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 64, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "/home/user/venvs/janeway/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 94, in __exit__
    six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, traceback)
  File "/home/user/venvs/janeway/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/utils/six.py", line 685, in reraise
    raise value.with_traceback(tb)
  File "/home/user/venvs/janeway/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 64, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
django.db.utils.OperationalError: could not open extension control file "/usr/share/pgsql/extension/citext.control": No such file or directory

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者JSB