C#如何读取Windows10 USB设备属性中的最后已知父设备信息

Win32_PnPEntity WMI类未直接暴露「最后已知父设备」字段，你需要调用Windows原生的SetupAPI（设备安装API）读取DEVPKEY_Device_Parent属性，这是设备管理器展示该字段的底层调用接口。

必要的P/Invoke声明 #

using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;

public static class SetupApi
{
    public const int DIGCF_PRESENT = 0x00000002;
    public const int DIGCF_ALLCLASSES = 0x00000004;
    public const int DEVPROP_TYPE_STRING = 0x00000012;

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct SP_DEVINFO_DATA
    {
        public int cbSize;
        public Guid ClassGuid;
        public int DevInst;
        public IntPtr Reserved;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct DEVPROPKEY
    {
        public Guid fmtid;
        public int pid;
    }

    public static readonly DEVPROPKEY DEVPKEY_Device_Parent = new DEVPROPKEY
    {
        fmtid = new Guid("4340A6C5-93FA-4706-972C-7B648008A5A7"),
        pid = 8
    };

    [DllImport("setupapi.dll", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
    public static extern IntPtr SetupDiGetClassDevs(ref Guid ClassGuid, string Enumerator, IntPtr hwndParent, int Flags);

    [DllImport("setupapi.dll", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
    public static extern bool SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo(IntPtr DeviceInfoSet, int MemberIndex, ref SP_DEVINFO_DATA DeviceInfoData);

    [DllImport("setupapi.dll", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
    public static extern bool SetupDiGetDeviceProperty(IntPtr DeviceInfoSet, ref SP_DEVINFO_DATA DeviceInfoData, ref DEVPROPKEY PropertyKey, out int PropertyType, StringBuilder PropertyBuffer, int PropertyBufferSize, out int RequiredSize, int Flags);

    [DllImport("setupapi.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern bool SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(IntPtr DeviceInfoSet);
}

核心读取逻辑 #

public static List<string> GetAllUsbDeviceParentIds()
{
    var parentIds = new List<string>();
    Guid emptyGuid = Guid.Empty;
    IntPtr deviceInfoSet = SetupApi.SetupDiGetClassDevs(ref emptyGuid, "USB", IntPtr.Zero, SetupApi.DIGCF_PRESENT | SetupApi.DIGCF_ALLCLASSES);
    
    if (deviceInfoSet == IntPtr.Zero) return parentIds;

    try
    {
        SetupApi.SP_DEVINFO_DATA devInfoData = new SetupApi.SP_DEVINFO_DATA();
        devInfoData.cbSize = Marshal.SizeOf(devInfoData);
        
        for (int i = 0; SetupApi.SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo(deviceInfoSet, i, ref devInfoData); i++)
        {
            int propType;
            int requiredSize;
            // 第一次调用获取所需缓冲区大小
            SetupApi.SetupDiGetDeviceProperty(deviceInfoSet, ref devInfoData, ref SetupApi.DEVPKEY_Device_Parent, out propType, null, 0, out requiredSize, 0);
            if (propType != SetupApi.DEVPROP_TYPE_STRING) continue;

            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(requiredSize);
            if (SetupApi.SetupDiGetDeviceProperty(deviceInfoSet, ref devInfoData, ref SetupApi.DEVPKEY_Device_Parent, out propType, sb, sb.Capacity, out requiredSize, 0))
            {
                parentIds.Add(sb.ToString());
            }
        }
    }
    finally
    {
        SetupApi.SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(deviceInfoSet);
    }

    return parentIds;
}

注意事项 #

• 程序需要管理员权限运行，否则部分受限设备的属性无法正常读取
• 接口返回的值为父设备的实例ID，你可以通过同样的SetupAPI接口查询该ID对应的设备名称、制造商等其他属性
• 该方案仅兼容Windows 10及以上版本操作系统

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Dave