请求参数多键值对Dictionary按指定Key排序方法问询

这个问题我之前对接API的时候也碰到过！普通字典本质是哈希结构，默认不会保留固定的键顺序，要实现你想要的指定顺序，得用对应语言的有序字典实现，或者手动按要求的顺序逐个插入键值对。下面分几种常见编程语言给你具体解决方案：

Python 实现 #

Python 3.7及以上版本的普通dict已经会严格保留插入顺序，所以我们只要按你想要的顺序逐个添加键值对就行。如果要兼容更早版本，可以用collections.OrderedDict。

场景1：保留mbappdetails嵌套结构，内部键按指定顺序 #

# 先定义你要的顺序
mbapp_inner_order = ["channelid", "appdtls", "devicedtls", "locationdtls"]
top_level_order = ["mbappdetails", "token", "signcs"]

# 你的原始数据
original_data = {
    "mbappdetails": {
        "locationdtls": {"ipAdress": "100.105.100.6", "locationDtl": "NaviMumbai,Maharashtra", "longdtl": "73.0152077", "latdtl": "19.1112212"},
        "appdtls": {"appregflg": "00", "appid": "com.mmcompany.nstapp", "applversion": "1.0.70", "pushnkey": "cVCzsSyxCLr4l5JPElHWLDiNuoQJcbFmRlN5LFWZM9hN5lYYZnJy_4Kvvu2_fAjBXhGxbKpt"},
        "devicedtls": {"deviceserial": "ExtEYNBSO8D85KR7DCEIOSHH", "devicemodel": "iPod Touch 6", "os": "iOS", "simflag": "N", "devicesdkversion": "12.10", "deviceproduct": "iPod Touch 6", "deviceid": "XXXXX-A2F5-XXXX-8EAC-XXXXX", "devicemake": "iPod touch", "rootflg": "N", "devicebrand": "APPLE", "osVersion": "12.1.4"},
        "channelid": "XXXXXXRRRRRR"
    },
    "token": "myToken",
    "signcs": "encrypted_dictionary_key_values_with_signature_key"
}

# 构造有序的mbappdetails子字典
ordered_mbapp = {key: original_data["mbappdetails"][key] for key in mbapp_inner_order}

# 构造顶层有序字典
ordered_dict = {
    key: ordered_mbapp if key == "mbappdetails" else original_data[key]
    for key in top_level_order
}

场景2：去掉mbappdetails嵌套，直接把四个键放到顶层 #

如果你需要的是顶层键为channelid,appdtls,devicedtls,locationdtls,token,signcs，可以这样做：

desired_order = ["channelid", "appdtls", "devicedtls", "locationdtls", "token", "signcs"]
ordered_dict = {}

# 先处理mbappdetails里的四个键
for key in desired_order[:4]:
    ordered_dict[key] = original_data["mbappdetails"][key]
# 再处理顶层的token和signcs
for key in desired_order[4:]:
    ordered_dict[key] = original_data[key]

Java 实现 #

Java的HashMap是无序的，要实现有序字典，用LinkedHashMap就可以了——它会严格保留插入顺序。

import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class OrderedParamRequest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 先构造各个子参数字典
        Map<String, String> locationdtls = new LinkedHashMap<>();
        locationdtls.put("ipAdress", "100.105.100.6");
        locationdtls.put("locationDtl", "NaviMumbai,Maharashtra");
        locationdtls.put("longdtl", "73.0152077");
        locationdtls.put("latdtl", "19.1112212");

        Map<String, String> appdtls = new LinkedHashMap<>();
        appdtls.put("appregflg", "00");
        appdtls.put("appid", "com.mmcompany.nstapp");
        appdtls.put("applversion", "1.0.70");
        appdtls.put("pushnkey", "cVCzsSyxCLr4l5JPElHWLDiNuoQJcbFmRlN5LFWZM9hN5lYYZnJy_4Kvvu2_fAjBXhGxbKpt");

        Map<String, String> devicedtls = new LinkedHashMap<>();
        devicedtls.put("deviceserial", "ExtEYNBSO8D85KR7DCEIOSHH");
        devicedtls.put("devicemodel", "iPod Touch 6");
        devicedtls.put("os", "iOS");
        devicedtls.put("simflag", "N");
        devicedtls.put("devicesdkversion", "12.10");
        devicedtls.put("deviceproduct", "iPod Touch 6");
        devicedtls.put("deviceid", "XXXXX-A2F5-XXXX-8EAC-XXXXX");
        devicedtls.put("devicemake", "iPod touch");
        devicedtls.put("rootflg", "N");
        devicedtls.put("devicebrand", "APPLE");
        devicedtls.put("osVersion", "12.1.4");

        // 构造有序的mbappdetails
        Map<String, Object> mbappdetails = new LinkedHashMap<>();
        mbappdetails.put("channelid", "XXXXXXRRRRRR");
        mbappdetails.put("appdtls", appdtls);
        mbappdetails.put("devicedtls", devicedtls);
        mbappdetails.put("locationdtls", locationdtls);

        // 构造顶层有序字典
        Map<String, Object> orderedDict = new LinkedHashMap<>();
        orderedDict.put("mbappdetails", mbappdetails);
        orderedDict.put("token", "myToken");
        orderedDict.put("signcs", "encrypted_dictionary_key_values_with_signature_key");

        // 如果要去掉嵌套，直接这样写：
        // Map<String, Object> orderedDict = new LinkedHashMap<>();
        // orderedDict.put("channelid", "XXXXXXRRRRRR");
        // orderedDict.put("appdtls", appdtls);
        // orderedDict.put("devicedtls", devicedtls);
        // orderedDict.put("locationdtls", locationdtls);
        // orderedDict.put("token", "myToken");
        // orderedDict.put("signcs", "encrypted_dictionary_key_values_with_signature_key");
    }
}

C# 实现 #

C#的Dictionary<TKey, TValue>是无序的，要实现指定顺序的字典，可以用OrderedDictionary（保留插入顺序）。

using System.Collections.Specialized;
using System.Collections.Generic;

class OrderedParamRequest
{
    static void Main()
    {
        // 构造子参数字典
        Dictionary<string, string> locationdtls = new Dictionary<string, string>
        {
            {"ipAdress", "100.105.100.6"},
            {"locationDtl", "NaviMumbai,Maharashtra"},
            {"longdtl", "73.0152077"},
            {"latdtl", "19.1112212"}
        };

        Dictionary<string, string> appdtls = new Dictionary<string, string>
        {
            {"appregflg", "00"},
            {"appid", "com.mmcompany.nstapp"},
            {"applversion", "1.0.70"},
            {"pushnkey", "cVCzsSyxCLr4l5JPElHWLDiNuoQJcbFmRlN5LFWZM9hN5lYYZnJy_4Kvvu2_fAjBXhGxbKpt"}
        };

        Dictionary<string, string> devicedtls = new Dictionary<string, string>
        {
            {"deviceserial", "ExtEYNBSO8D85KR7DCEIOSHH"},
            {"devicemodel", "iPod Touch 6"},
            {"os", "iOS"},
            {"simflag", "N"},
            {"devicesdkversion", "12.10"},
            {"deviceproduct", "iPod Touch 6"},
            {"deviceid", "XXXXX-A2F5-XXXX-8EAC-XXXXX"},
            {"devicemake", "iPod touch"},
            {"rootflg", "N"},
            {"devicebrand", "APPLE"},
            {"osVersion", "12.1.4"}
        };

        // 构造有序的mbappdetails
        OrderedDictionary mbappdetails = new OrderedDictionary();
        mbappdetails.Add("channelid", "XXXXXXRRRRRR");
        mbappdetails.Add("appdtls", appdtls);
        mbappdetails.Add("devicedtls", devicedtls);
        mbappdetails.Add("locationdtls", locationdtls);

        // 构造顶层有序字典
        OrderedDictionary orderedDict = new OrderedDictionary();
        orderedDict.Add("mbappdetails", mbappdetails);
        orderedDict.Add("token", "myToken");
        orderedDict.Add("signcs", "encrypted_dictionary_key_values_with_signature_key");

        // 去掉嵌套的写法：
        // OrderedDictionary orderedDict = new OrderedDictionary();
        // orderedDict.Add("channelid", "XXXXXXRRRRRR");
        // orderedDict.Add("appdtls", appdtls);
        // orderedDict.Add("devicedtls", devicedtls);
        // orderedDict.Add("locationdtls", locationdtls);
        // orderedDict.Add("token", "myToken");
        // orderedDict.Add("signcs", "encrypted_dictionary_key_values_with_signature_key");
    }
}

小提醒 #

如果你的最终目的是生成HTTP请求参数（比如JSON或表单），一定要确认你的请求客户端是否会保留字典的顺序——有些客户端会自动对键进行排序，这时候可能需要直接构造字符串形式的参数，避免被客户端篡改顺序。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user10959828