PyCharm安装contractions、pycontractions包失败问题求助

• 通过PyCharm终端、设置界面安装contractions、pycontractions包均报错
• Ubuntu系统命令行可正常安装上述两个包，但PyCharm无法导入系统命令行安装的包

PyCharm安装报错日志 #

Collecting pycontractions
  Downloading pycontractions-2.0.1-py3-none-any.whl (9.6 kB)
Collecting gensim>=2.0
  Downloading gensim-4.1.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux_2_12_x86_64.manylinux2010_x86_64.whl (24.1 MB)
Collecting pyemd>=0.4.4
  Downloading pyemd-0.5.1.tar.gz (91 kB)
Collecting language-check>=1.0
  Downloading language-check-1.1.tar.gz (33 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: scipy>=0.18.1 in /home/mike/PycharmProjects/sentiment-analysis/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from gensim>=2.0->pycontractions) (1.7.1)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.17.0 in /home/mike/PycharmProjects/sentiment-analysis/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from gensim>=2.0->pycontractions) (1.21.3)
Collecting smart-open>=1.8.1
  Downloading smart_open-5.2.1-py3-none-any.whl (58 kB)
Building wheels for collected packages: language-check, pyemd
  Building wheel for language-check (setup.py): started
  Building wheel for language-check (setup.py): still running...
  Building wheel for language-check (setup.py): finished with status 'error'
  Running setup.py clean for language-check
  Building wheel for pyemd (setup.py): started
  Building wheel for pyemd (setup.py): finished with status 'error'
  Running setup.py clean for pyemd
Failed to build language-check pyemd
Installing collected packages: smart-open, pyemd, language-check, gensim, pycontractions
    Running setup.py install for pyemd: started
    Running setup.py install for pyemd: finished with status 'error'

  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
   command: /home/mike/PycharmProjects/sentiment-analysis/venv/bin/python -u -c 'import io, os, sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-lxk5lfva/language-check_3eaf32c96573438f8c5b56e9f1c8c15c/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-lxk5lfva/language-check_3eaf32c96573438f8c5b56e9f1c8c15c/setup.py'"'"';f = getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__) if os.path.exists(__file__) else io.StringIO('"'"'from setuptools import setup; setup()'"'"');code = f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d /tmp/pip-wheel-8m60jjom
       cwd: /tmp/pip-install-lxk5lfva/language-check_3eaf32c96573438f8c5b56e9f1c8c15c/
  Complete output (35 lines):
  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
    File "/tmp/pip-install-lxk5lfva/language-check_3eaf32c96573438f8c5b56e9f1c8c15c/setup.py", line 595, in <module>
      sys.exit(main())
    File "/tmp/pip-install-lxk5lfva/language-check_3eaf32c96573438f8c5b56e9f1c8c15c/setup.py", line 590, in main
      run_setup_hooks(config)
    File "/tmp/pip-install-lxk5lfva/language-check_3eaf32c96573438f8c5b56e9f1c8c15c/setup.py", line 561, in run_setup_hooks
      language_tool_hook(config)
    File "/tmp/pip-install-lxk5lfva/language-check_3eaf32c96573438f8c5b56e9f1c8c15c/setup.py", line 584, in language_tool_hook
      download_lt()
    File "/tmp/pip-install-lxk5lfva/language-check_3eaf32c96573438f8c5b56e9f1c8c15c/download_lt.py", line 128, in download_lt
      with closing(urlopen(url)) as u:
    File "/usr/lib/python3.7/urllib/request.py", line 222, in urlopen
      return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
    File "/usr/lib/python3.7/urllib/request.py", line 531, in open
      response = meth(req, response)
    File "/usr/lib/python3.7/urllib/request.py", line 641, in http_response
      'http', request, response, code, msg, hdrs)
    File "/usr/lib/python3.7/urllib/request.py", line 563, in error
      result = self._call_chain(*args)
    File "/usr/lib/python3.7/urllib/request.py", line 503, in _call_chain
      result = func(*args)
    File "/usr/lib/python3.7/urllib/request.py", line 755, in http_error_302
      return self.parent.open(new, timeout=req.timeout)
    File "/usr/lib/python3.7/urllib/request.py", line 531, in open
      response = meth(req, response)
    File "/usr/lib/python3.7/urllib/request.py", line 641, in http_response
      'http', request, response, code, msg, hdrs)
    File "/usr/lib/python3.7/urllib/request.py", line 569, in error
      return self._call_chain(*args)
    File "/usr/lib/python3.7/urllib/request.py", line 503, in _call_chain
      result = func(*args)
    File "/usr/lib/python3.7/urllib/request.py", line 649, in http_error_default
      raise HTTPError(req.full_url, code, msg, hdrs, fp)
  urllib.error.HTTPError: HTTP Error 403: Forbidden
  ----------------------------------------
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for language-check
  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
   command: /home/mike/PycharmProjects/sentiment-analysis/venv/bin/python -u -c 'import io, os, sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-lxk5lfva/pyemd_aa42532f0bbb45ce80073728273c4144/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-lxk5lfva/pyemd_aa42532f0bbb45ce80073728273c4144/setup.py'"'"';f = getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__) if os.path.exists(__file__) else io.StringIO('"'"'from setuptools import setup; setup()'"'"');code = f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d /tmp/pip-wheel-za_foj8v
       cwd: /tmp/pip-install-lxk5lfva/pyemd_aa42532f0bbb45ce80073728273c4144/
  Complete output (20 lines):
  running bdist_wheel
  running build
  running build_py
  creating build
  creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7
  creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/pyemd
  copying pyemd/__about__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/pyemd
  copying pyemd/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/pyemd
  warning: build_py: byte-compiling is disabled, skipping.
  
  running build_ext
  building 'pyemd.emd' extension
  creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7
  creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/pyemd
  x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -g -fwrapv -O2 -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I/home/mike/PycharmProjects/sentiment-analysis/venv/include -I/usr/include/python3.7m -I/home/mike/PycharmProjects/sentiment-analysis/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include -c pyemd/emd.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/pyemd/emd.o
  pyemd/emd.cpp:23:10: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
   #include "Python.h"
            ^~~~~~~~~~
  compilation terminated.
  error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1
  ----------------------------------------
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for pyemd
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: /home/mike/PycharmProjects/sentiment-analysis/venv/bin/python -u -c 'import io, os, sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-lxk5lfva/pyemd_aa42532f0bbb45ce80073728273c4144/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-lxk5lfva/pyemd_aa42532f0bbb45ce80073728273c4144/setup.py'"'"';f = getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__) if os.path.exists(__file__) else io.StringIO('"'"'from setuptools import setup; setup()'"'"');code = f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-l59ioki7/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/mike/PycharmProjects/sentiment-analysis/venv/include/site/python3.7/pyemd
         cwd: /tmp/pip-install-lxk5lfva/pyemd_aa42532f0bbb45ce80073728273c4144/
    Complete output (20 lines):
    running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/pyemd
    copying pyemd/__about__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/pyemd
    copying pyemd/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/pyemd
    warning: build_py: byte-compiling is disabled, skipping.
    
    running build_ext
    building 'pyemd.emd' extension
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/pyemd
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -g -fwrapv -O2 -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I/home/mike/PycharmProjects/sentiment-analysis/venv/include -I/usr/include/python3.7m -I/home/mike/PycharmProjects/sentiment-analysis/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include -c pyemd/emd.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/pyemd/emd.o
    pyemd/emd.cpp:23:10: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
     #include "Python.h"
              ^~~~~~~~~~
    compilation terminated.
    error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1
    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /home/mike/PycharmProjects/sentiment-analysis/venv/bin/python -u -c 'import io, os, sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-lxk5lfva/pyemd_aa42532f0bbb45ce80073728273c4144/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-lxk5lfva/pyemd_aa42532f0bbb45ce80073728273c4144/setup.py'"'"';f = getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__) if os.path.exists(__file__) else io.StringIO('"'"'from setuptools import setup; setup()'"'"');code = f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-l59ioki7/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/mike/PycharmProjects/sentiment-analysis/venv/include/site/python3.7/pyemd Check the logs for full command output.
WARNING: You are using pip version 21.1.2; however, version 21.3.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the '/home/mike/PycharmProjects/sentiment-analysis/venv/bin/python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.

已尝试排查操作 #

• 执行sudo apt-get install python3-dev，系统提示python3-dev为最新版本，可排除Python.h头文件缺失问题

问题根因：你的PyCharm项目默认使用独立的虚拟环境（路径为/home/mike/PycharmProjects/sentiment-analysis/venv/），和系统全局Python环境相互隔离，因此全局安装的包无法被虚拟环境识别。同时安装报错分为两个独立问题：language-check包官方资源下载返回403，pyemd包本地编译时未匹配到虚拟环境对应头文件。

方案1：直接复用全局安装的包 #

操作步骤：

1. 打开PyCharm，依次点击File->Settings->Project: sentiment-analysis->Python Interpreter
2. 点击解释器右侧的齿轮图标，选择Show All
3. 选中当前项目使用的虚拟环境，点击右侧的铅笔编辑图标
4. 勾选Inherit global site-packages选项，保存设置后重启PyCharm即可识别全局安装的包

方案2：直接在项目虚拟环境中安装（推荐，环境隔离性更好） #

前置操作：激活虚拟环境 #

打开系统终端，执行以下命令激活项目对应的虚拟环境：

source /home/mike/PycharmProjects/sentiment-analysis/venv/bin/activate

修复依赖安装问题 #

1. 先升级虚拟环境内的基础工具：

pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel

2. 安装预编译版本的pyemd，避免本地编译报错：

pip install pyemd==0.5.1 --only-binary :all:

3. 安装修复了下载403问题的language-check分支：

pip install language-check-fork