如何在awk中对指定列应用正则，实现ls输出按文件类型自定义着色

修改后的完整代码 #

la() {
     ls -lhAXF "$@" | awk '
     BEGIN {
         FPAT = "([[:space:]]*[^[:space:]]+)";
     } {
         $1 = "\033[1m" "\033[31m" $1 "\033[0m";
         $2 = "\033[1m" "\033[32m" $2 "\033[0m";
         $3 = "\033[1m" "\033[33m" $3 "\033[0m";
         $4 = "\033[34m" $4 "\033[0m";
         $5 = "\033[1m" "\033[35m" $5 "\033[0m";
         $6 = "\033[1m" "\033[36m" $6 "\033[0m";
         $7 = "\033[1m" "\033[37m" $7 "\033[0m";
         $8 = "\033[1m" "\033[33m" $8 "\033[0m";
         # 第9列按规则着色，匹配顺序优先判断隐藏文件夹避免误判
         if ($9 ~ /^\s*\./) {
             # 隐藏文件夹：去除前置空格后以.开头
             $9 = "\033[1;35m" $9 "\033[0m";
         } else if ($9 ~ /\/\s*$/) {
             # 普通文件夹：末尾为/
             $9 = "\033[1;34m" $9 "\033[0m";
         } else {
             # 普通文件：其余未匹配内容
             $9 = "\033[0;37m" $9 "\033[0m";
         }
         print
     }'
}

说明 #

• 完全适配Debian 11自带的GNU Awk语法，原有列着色逻辑无修改
• 匹配优先级调整为优先判断隐藏文件夹，避免同时满足「末尾带/」规则的隐藏文件夹被误识别为普通文件夹
• 正则匹配适配了FPAT捕获列自带前置空格的特性，不会出现匹配失效问题
• 可自行修改ANSI颜色码调整显示效果，现有配色为：隐藏文件夹亮紫色、普通文件夹亮蓝色、普通文件亮白色

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Nasrun Minallah Bin Piee