如何修改ggplot2的坐标轴刻度标签以避免内容重复

你可以通过修改刻度标签+添加底部统一注释的方式实现需求，具体修改后的代码如下：

library(ggplot2)
library(ggpubr) # 对应你用到的theme_pubr

trainingplot <- ggplot(sample_descriptive, aes(x=trainingblock, y=pointEstimate)) +
  theme_pubr() +
  scale_y_continuous(name = "直线滑翔时间扣除量（秒）", limits = c(-1, 5), breaks = c(-1, 0, 1, 2,3,4)) +
  # 修改x轴刻度标签，仅保留序号和首尾分类
  scale_x_discrete(expand = expansion(add = c(.6, 1.2)), 
                   labels= c("前测", "1", "2", "3", "保留测试（72小时）")) +
  annotate("text", x = 5.5, y = -0.4, label = "路线A", size=4.5) + 
  annotate("text", x = 5.5, y = 0.5, label = "路线B", size=4.5) +
  annotate("text", x = 5.5, y = 2, label = "路线C", size=4.5)  


trainingplot  <- trainingplot +
  geom_errorbar(data = sample_descriptive, aes(x=trainingblock, y = pointEstimate,  ymin = lower.CL,ymax = upper.CL,  group=interaction(course, group)), position = position_dodge(0.2), size=1, width=0.3) +
  geom_line(data = sample_descriptive, aes(x=trainingblock, y = pointEstimate, group=interaction(course, group)), position = position_dodge(0.2), alpha=0.4) +
  geom_point(data = sample_descriptive, aes(x=trainingblock, y=pointEstimate, shape=group, fill=group, group=interaction(course, group)),  position = position_dodge(0.2),  size=2.8, color="black") +
  geom_hline(aes(yintercept = 0), linetype = "dashed", size=0.2) +
  scale_fill_manual(values = c("#1A85FF", "#D41159", "#FFB000")) +
  scale_shape_manual(values=c(21, 24)) +
  # 调整主题配置：关闭x轴标题、增加底部边距放统一标签
  theme(legend.position="none",
        axis.title.x=element_blank(),
        plot.margin = unit(c(0.5,1,2,0.5), "lines")) +
  # 添加统一的练习块标注，关闭裁剪避免文字被切掉
  annotate("text", x = 3, y = -1.4, label = "习得试次块", size = 4) +
  coord_cartesian(ylim = c(-1,5), clip = "off")

核心改动说明 #

• 修改了scale_x_discrete的labels参数，把重复的前缀文本删除，仅保留1、2、3作为刻度显示
• 调整了plot.margin给底部留出足够空间放置统一分类文本，四个参数依次对应上、右、下、左的边距，单位为行
• 新增annotate在三个序号刻度的居中位置添加统一标注，如果标注的上下位置不符合需求，直接调整y参数的数值即可，数值越小位置越靠下
• 新增coord_cartesian关闭坐标轴裁剪，确保底部超出绘图区域的文本可以正常显示
• 已将原有英文的标签、轴标题翻译为中文，如果你需要保留英文版本，把对应的label值改回原英文即可。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Cmagelssen