如何在R中将两组数据生成的圆形百分比图表叠加展示？

实现方案 #

要将两组数据的圆形放在同一张画布对比，核心是对齐同类别（Type）的X轴位置，同时避免圆形互相遮挡，具体实现步骤和代码如下：

前置依赖

需要用到ggforce包的geom_circle图层，未安装的话先运行：

install.packages("ggforce")

完整代码

# 加载所需包
library(dplyr)
library(ggplot2)
library(ggforce)

# 构造基础组数据并新增分组标识
df_base <- structure(list(percents = c(52, 40, 34, 55, 48, 38, 17), label = c("Type 1", 
"Type 2", "Type 3", "Type 4", "Type 5", "Type 6", "Type 7")), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, 
-7L)) %>% mutate(group = "基础组")

# 构造B组数据并新增分组标识
df_b <- structure(list(percents = c(48, 60, 66, 45, 52, 62, 83), label = c("Type 1", 
"Type 2", "Type 3", "Type 4", "Type 5", "Type 6", "Type 7")), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, 
-7L)) %>% mutate(group = "B组")

# 合并数据并计算统一坐标
df_all <- bind_rows(df_base, df_b) %>%
  group_by(label) %>%
  # 取同类别两组的最大半径计算间距，避免相邻类别圆重叠
  mutate(max_r = max(sqrt(percents))) %>%
  ungroup() %>%
  arrange(label) %>%
  # 所有类别统一计算X轴位置，保证同类别两组圆对齐
  mutate(x = max_r + cumsum(lag(2 * max_r, default = 0))) %>%
  # 两组圆Y轴错开：基础组在上，B组在下，避免完全遮挡
  mutate(y0 = ifelse(group == "基础组", sqrt(percents), -sqrt(percents)))

# 绘图
ggplot(df_all) + 
  # 圆形按分组区分颜色
  geom_circle(aes(x0 = x, r = sqrt(percents), y0 = y0, color = group), size = 3) +
  # 百分比标签对应到各自圆心位置
  geom_text(aes(x = x, y = y0, label = paste0(percents, "%"), size = percents),
            fontface = "bold", color = "#643291") +
  # 顶部保留统一的类别标签
  geom_text(aes(x = x, y = 20, label = label), vjust = 0,
            fontface = "bold", color = "gray20", size = 3) +
  # 基础组引导线保留在上部
  geom_segment(data = filter(df_all, group == "基础组"), 
               aes(x = x, xend = x, y = sqrt(percents) + 3, yend = 18),
               color = "#643291", size = 2) +
  # 匹配原有配色：基础组灰色，B组黑色
  scale_color_manual(values = c("基础组" = "gray", "B组" = "black")) +
  coord_equal() +
  # 调整Y轴范围适配上下两排圆
  scale_y_continuous(limits =c(-25, 25)) +
  scale_size_continuous(range = c(4, 8)) +
  theme_void() +
  # 保留分组图例
  theme(legend.position = "top", legend.title = element_blank()) +
  labs(title ='2018年两组数据对比')

可选调整

如果想要同类别圆形重叠展示，可以去掉Y轴偏移的逻辑，同时给圆形增加透明度：

1. 把mutate(y0 = ifelse(...))改成mutate(y0 = sqrt(percents))
2. 在geom_circle参数里增加alpha=0.5即可

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者BR27