Maven引入Guava后无法解析Sets.symmetricDifference方法问题求助

我遇到一个十分奇怪的问题，我在pom.xml中添加了如下依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
    <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
    <version>31.0.1-jre</version>
</dependency>

当我尝试编写如下代码调用时：

import com.google.common.collect.Sets;

Sets.symmetricDifference(currentSet, referencedSet);

编译器提示：Cannot resolve method 'symmetricDifference' in 'Sets'
我确定该方法确实存在，也尝试过更换不同的Guava版本，但都没有解决问题。

补充1：mvn install报错信息 #

[ERROR] COMPILATION ERROR : 
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] /C:/somePath/backend/src/main/java/someOtherPath/service/DataVerificationServiceImpl.java:[58,76] cannot find symbol
  symbol:   method symmetricDifference(java.util.Set<org.springframework.data.util.Pair<java.time.ZonedDateTime,java.time.ZonedDateTime>>,java.util.Set<org.springframework.data.util.Pair<java.time.ZonedDateTime,java.time.ZonedDateTime>>)
  location: class com.google.common.collect.Sets

补充2：完整pom.xml #

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.4.5</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>my_project</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>My project</name>
    <description>My Project Description</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>11</java.version>
        <keycloak.version>15.0.0</keycloak.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <!-- Spring boot -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.keycloak</groupId>
            <artifactId>keycloak-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
            <artifactId>springfox-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mapstruct</groupId>
            <artifactId>mapstruct-processor</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.2.Final</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mapstruct</groupId>
            <artifactId>mapstruct</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.2.Final</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok-mapstruct-binding</artifactId>
            <version>0.2.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.20</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mariadb.jdbc</groupId>
            <artifactId>mariadb-java-client</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.3</version>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
            <version>5.5.7.Final</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-jpamodelgen</artifactId>
            <version>5.5.7.Final</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.8.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>
            <artifactId>springdoc-openapi-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>1.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
            <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
            <version>31.0.1-jre</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.keycloak.bom</groupId>
                <artifactId>keycloak-adapter-bom</artifactId>
                <version>${keycloak.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <build>
        <finalName>application</finalName>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <layers>
                        <enabled>true</enabled>
                    </layers>
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                        </exclude>
                    </excludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>
                <artifactId>springdoc-openapi-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>1.2</version>
                <configuration>
                    <apiDocsUrl>http://localhost:8080/v3/api-docs</apiDocsUrl>
                    <outputFileName>swagger.json</outputFileName>
                    <outputDir>srcrces</outputDir>
                    <skip>false</skip>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>integration-test</id>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>generate</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.8.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>11</source>
                    <target>11</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

根本原因 #

该问题是典型的Maven依赖冲突：
项目中引入的springfox-boot-starter:3.0.0等组件会传递引入低版本Guava，而你在pom依赖列表末尾声明的Guava 31.0.1版本，按照Maven依赖调解的「先声明优先」规则，优先级低于先引入的低版本Guava，导致项目实际加载的是没有symmetricDifference方法的低版本Guava。

解决方法 #

方法1：调整依赖顺序 #

把Guava依赖移动到dependencies列表的最靠前位置，优先加载你指定的31.0.1版本，覆盖后续传递引入的低版本。

方法2：全局锁定依赖版本（推荐） #

在dependencyManagement节点中显式声明Guava的版本，强制全局所有Guava依赖都使用你指定的版本，不受传递依赖的版本影响：

<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <!-- 放在最前面，优先级最高 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
            <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
            <version>31.0.1-jre</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 原有keycloak依赖保留 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.keycloak.bom</groupId>
            <artifactId>keycloak-adapter-bom</artifactId>
            <version>${keycloak.version}</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

验证操作 #

修改配置后执行以下命令，检查实际生效的Guava版本，确认只有31.0.1-jre版本存在即可：

mvn dependency:tree | grep guava

额外排查点 #

如果修改后仍有问题，检查代码中导入的Sets类是否为com.google.common.collect.Sets，避免误导入其他同名工具类。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者msts1906