Python Tkinter随机密码生成器嵌套函数实现异常求助

你原有代码的核心问题出在Tkinter变量取值、变量类型误用两个方面，具体问题和修正如下：

• 问题1：Tkinter的IntVar/StringVar类型变量必须调用.get()方法才能拿到实际存储的值，你直接判断if CheckBool1是判断变量对象是否存在，永远返回True，完全拿不到复选框的真实选中状态
• 问题2：字符集拼接不需要用StringVar，用普通字符串即可，且每次生成密码前需要清空字符集，避免多次点击后字符集重复叠加
• 问题3：密码长度取值逻辑错误，你没有将输入框的内容转为整数，反而错误赋值给了pwlength这个IntVar对象
• 问题4：random.choices接收的是普通字符串序列，你传入StringVar对象无法完成随机抽取

修正后可直接运行的完整代码：

import random
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk

root = Tk()
root.title("密码生成器")

uppercase = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
lowercase = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
digits = "1234567890"
symbols = "!§$%&?*+#~-;()/"

CheckBool1 = IntVar()
CheckBool2 = IntVar()
CheckBool3 = IntVar()
CheckBool4 = IntVar()

def add2all():
    # 每次调用先重置可选字符集
    all_chars = ""
    if CheckBool1.get() == 1:
        all_chars += uppercase
    if CheckBool2.get() == 1:
        all_chars += lowercase
    if CheckBool3.get() == 1:
        all_chars += digits
    if CheckBool4.get() == 1:
        all_chars += symbols
    return all_chars

def pwdgen():
    pwdoutpt.delete(0, END)
    # 正确获取密码长度，转为整数，增加异常校验
    try:
        pw_length = int(amt.get())
        if pw_length <=0:
            pwdoutpt.insert(0, "长度需为正整数")
            return
    except ValueError:
        pwdoutpt.insert(0, "请输入合法数字")
        return
    # 获取可选字符集
    all_chars = add2all()
    if not all_chars:
        pwdoutpt.insert(0, "请至少选择一种字符类型")
        return
    # 生成密码
    password = "".join(random.choices(all_chars, k=pw_length))
    pwdoutpt.insert(0, password)

greet = Label(root, text="Welcome to the interactive password generator!", height=3)

pwdoutpt = Entry(root, width=30)
generate = Button(root, text="Generate", command=pwdgen)

# 初始化GUI所需的全部标签与复选框
chck_1 = Checkbutton(root, width = 5, var = CheckBool1)
chck_2 = Checkbutton(root, width = 5, var = CheckBool2)
chck_3 = Checkbutton(root, width = 5, var = CheckBool3)
chck_4 = Checkbutton(root, width = 5, var = CheckBool4)
lbl_1 = Label(root, text="Capital Letters")
lbl_2 = Label(root, text="Lowercase Letters")
lbl_3 = Label(root, text="Digits")
lbl_4 = Label(root, text="Symbols")
amt = Entry(root, width = 5)
amtlbl = Label(root, text="Num of characters in pwd.")
sep = ttk.Separator(root, orient="horizontal")

greet.grid(column=0, row=0, columnspan=4, pady=3)
pwdoutpt.grid(column=0, row=7, columnspan=4, padx=30, sticky=W)
amt.grid(column=0, row=1, sticky=W)
amtlbl.grid(column=1, row=1, columnspan=1, sticky=E)

chck_1.grid(column=0, row=2, sticky=E)
chck_2.grid(column=0, row=3, sticky=E)
chck_3.grid(column=0, row=4, sticky=E)
chck_4.grid(column=0, row=5, sticky=E)

lbl_1.grid(column=1, row=2, columnspan=1, sticky=W)
lbl_2.grid(column=1, row=3, columnspan=1, sticky=W)
lbl_3.grid(column=1, row=4, columnspan=1, sticky=W)
lbl_4.grid(column=1, row=5, columnspan=1, sticky=W)
sep.grid(column=0, columnspan=10, row=6, sticky=EW)
generate.grid(column=2, row=7)

root.mainloop()

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者L0renz