如何为链接创建class或id 解决HTML翻转卡片链接冲突及卡顿问题

根因说明 #

• 链接无法独立设置：
  1. 单页面非法嵌套多套<html>、<head>、<body>标签，浏览器解析时合并冲突节点，导致a标签属性被覆盖
  2. 错误在CSS中为a标签定义href、target属性，CSS仅负责样式渲染，无法配置HTML原生属性
  3. 两张卡片的跳转链接均未闭合</a>标签，浏览器自动补全标签时出现逻辑错乱
• 第二张卡片翻转卡顿：
  1. 嵌套的多套文档结构导致浏览器渲染树计算异常，触发大量不必要的重绘回流
  2. 第二张卡片的内层容器额外设置了背景色，3D旋转时的重绘成本大幅提升
  3. 重复定义全局样式、重复编写相同的卡片样式，增加了浏览器样式计算的开销

修复后完整代码 #

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<style>
* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
body {
  font-family: Arial;
  text-align: center;
}
/* 列布局样式 */
.column {
  float: left;
  width: 280px;
  padding: 0;
  height: 220px;
}
.row:after {
  content: "";
  display: table;
  clear: both;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
  .column {
    width: 100%;
  }
}
/* 通用翻转卡片样式 所有卡片复用 */
.flip-card {
  background-color: transparent;
  width: 280px;
  height: 220px;
  perspective: 1000px;
}
.flip-card-inner {
  position: relative;
  width: 280px;
  height: 220px;
  text-align: center;
  transition: transform 0.9s;
  transform-style: preserve-3d;
  box-shadow: none;
}
.flip-card:hover .flip-card-inner {
  transform: rotateY(180deg);
}
.flip-card-front, .flip-card-back {
  position: absolute;
  width: 280px;
  height: 220px;
  -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;
  backface-visibility: hidden;
}
.flip-card-front {
  background-color: #bbb;
  color: black;
}
.flip-card-back {
  background-color: #354C2F;
  color: white;
  transform: rotateY(180deg);
}
.flip-card-back a {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
}
.flip-card img {
  width: 280px;
  height: 220px;
  border: 0;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="row">
  <!-- 第一张翻转卡片 -->
  <div class="column" style="background-color:#aaa;">
    <div class="flip-card">
      <div class="flip-card-inner">
        <div class="flip-card-front">
          <img src="https://www.yorku.ca/c4/wp-content/uploads/sites/69/2021/11/2Sustainability-e1636580791650.jpg" alt="Avatar">
        </div>
        <div class="flip-card-back">
          <a href="https://yorku.ca/research" target="_blank">
            <img alt="YorkU C4" src="https://www.yorku.ca/c4/wp-content/uploads/sites/69/2021/11/purpose-driven.png">
          </a>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <!-- 第二张翻转卡片 -->
  <div class="column" style="background-color:#bbb;">
    <div class="flip-card">
      <div class="flip-card-inner">
        <div class="flip-card-front">
          <img src="https://www.yorku.ca/c4/wp-content/uploads/sites/69/2021/11/2Sustainability-e1636580791650.jpg" alt="Avatar">
        </div>
        <div class="flip-card-back">
          <a href="https://yorku.ca/c4" target="_blank">
            <img alt="YorkU C4" src="https://www.yorku.ca/c4/wp-content/uploads/sites/69/2021/11/the-looped-in-project.png">
          </a>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者l117