CMakeLists编写：如何通过JNI/JVM实现Python与Java的混合调用

一、JNI 依赖配置修复 #

find_package(JNI) 读取路径的优先级是：系统环境变量 > 缓存变量 > CMakeLists 本地变量，直接在CMakeLists中写set(JAVA_HOME)不生效是因为执行顺序不对，或没有写入缓存。正确配置步骤：

• 必须在find_package(JNI)之前声明JAVA_HOME，同时写入缓存覆盖系统值：

# 按需修改为你的JDK路径，用正斜杠避免转义问题
set(JAVA_HOME "C:/Program Files/Java/jdk-15.0.1" CACHE PATH "JDK installation path" FORCE)
# 显式指定JNI组件路径，避免自动查找失败
set(JAVA_AWT_INCLUDE_PATH "${JAVA_HOME}/include" CACHE PATH "" FORCE)
set(JAVA_INCLUDE_PATH "${JAVA_HOME}/include" CACHE PATH "" FORCE)
set(JAVA_INCLUDE_PATH2 "${JAVA_HOME}/include/win32" CACHE PATH "" FORCE)
set(JAVA_AWT_LIBRARY "${JAVA_HOME}/lib/jawt.lib" CACHE FILEPATH "" FORCE)
set(JAVA_JVM_LIBRARY "${JAVA_HOME}/lib/server/jvm.lib" CACHE FILEPATH "" FORCE)
# 此时再执行find_package就不会报错了
find_package(JNI REQUIRED)

• 注意JDK架构要和Visual Studio编译目标架构一致：32位编译选32位JDK，64位编译选64位JDK。

二、Python 依赖配置修复 #

旧版find_package(PythonLibs)已经被废弃，兼容性差容易查找失败，推荐用新版Python查找模块，配置步骤：

• 同样在find_package之前指定要使用的Python根路径，写入缓存：

# 按需修改为你的Python安装路径
set(Python_ROOT_DIR "C:/Users/xxx/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python39" CACHE PATH "Python installation path" FORCE)
# 查找Python解释器和开发组件，可指定版本号如Python 3.9 REQUIRED
find_package(Python REQUIRED COMPONENTS Interpreter Development)
# 如果使用pybind11，直接调用pybind11的查找模块，会自动关联对应Python依赖
find_package(pybind11 REQUIRED)

• 如果项目没有提前安装pybind11到系统路径，可以把pybind11源码作为子模块放到项目目录下，用add_subdirectory(third_party/pybind11)替代find_package(pybind11)即可。

三、关于pkg_check_modules的说明 #

pkg-config依赖对应库的.pc配置文件才能正常工作，Windows环境下默认没有Python、JNI对应的.pc文件，所以不要用pkg_check_modules配置这两类依赖，直接用上述CMake原生方案即可。

完整示例CMakeLists.txt #

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.18)
project(jni_pybind_demo)

# 配置JNI依赖
set(JAVA_HOME "C:/Program Files/Java/jdk-15.0.1" CACHE PATH "JDK installation path" FORCE)
set(JAVA_AWT_INCLUDE_PATH "${JAVA_HOME}/include" CACHE PATH "" FORCE)
set(JAVA_INCLUDE_PATH "${JAVA_HOME}/include" CACHE PATH "" FORCE)
set(JAVA_INCLUDE_PATH2 "${JAVA_HOME}/include/win32" CACHE PATH "" FORCE)
set(JAVA_AWT_LIBRARY "${JAVA_HOME}/lib/jawt.lib" CACHE FILEPATH "" FORCE)
set(JAVA_JVM_LIBRARY "${JAVA_HOME}/lib/server/jvm.lib" CACHE FILEPATH "" FORCE)
find_package(JNI REQUIRED)

# 配置Python + pybind11依赖
set(Python_ROOT_DIR "C:/Users/xxx/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python39" CACHE PATH "Python installation path" FORCE)
find_package(Python REQUIRED COMPONENTS Interpreter Development)
add_subdirectory(third_party/pybind11) # 或find_package(pybind11 REQUIRED)

# 编译目标
add_library(${PROJECT_NAME} SHARED
    your_source_code.cpp
)

# 关联头文件和依赖库
target_include_directories(${PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE
    ${JNI_INCLUDE_DIRS}
    ${Python_INCLUDE_DIRS}
)
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE
    ${JNI_LIBRARIES}
    Python::Module
    pybind11::pybind11
)

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Martin Perry