JavaScript中如何通过idMeal键值获取对象的其他属性值

以下是两种常见场景下的实现方式，以JavaScript为例：

场景1：操作单个独立对象 #

如果只有单个目标对象，直接判断idMeal匹配后取对应属性即可：

const meal = {
  "idMeal": "52795",
  "strMeal": "Chicken Handi",
  "strDrinkAlternate": null,
  "strCategory": "Chicken",
  "strArea": "Indian"
}

const targetId = "52795"
// 匹配id后取属性
if (meal.idMeal === targetId) {
  const mealName = meal.strMeal
  const mealCategory = meal.strCategory
  console.log(mealName, mealCategory) // 输出：Chicken Handi Chicken
}

场景2：操作包含多个餐品的对象数组 #

如果是批量存储的餐品数组，先通过idMeal匹配到目标对象再取属性：

const mealList = [
  {
    "idMeal": "52795",
    "strMeal": "Chicken Handi",
    "strCategory": "Chicken",
    "strArea": "Indian"
  },
  // 其他餐品对象...
  {
    "idMeal": "52796",
    "strMeal": "Beef Curry",
    "strCategory": "Beef",
    "strArea": "Indian"
  }
]

const targetId = "52795"
// 查找匹配id的对象
const targetMeal = mealList.find(item => item.idMeal === targetId)
if (targetMeal) {
  // 可通过解构赋值批量取需要的属性
  const { strMeal, strCategory, strArea } = targetMeal
  console.log(strMeal, strCategory, strArea)
}

如果需要频繁通过id查询，建议先把数组转为以idMeal为键的映射表，查询效率更高：

// 生成映射表
const mealMap = mealList.reduce((map, item) => {
  map[item.idMeal] = item
  return map
}, {})

// 直接查表取值
const targetMeal = mealMap["52795"]
if (targetMeal) {
  console.log(targetMeal.strMeal, targetMeal.strCategory)
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者adamteddychang