Python读取TXT汽油价格数据并获取最值对应的中文月份名称

首先定义中文月份映射表，优化原有逻辑让最高/最低价格查询同时返回对应月份，完整可运行代码如下：

# 中文月份映射表，索引对应月份数字
month_names = ['', '一月', '二月', '三月', '四月', '五月', '六月', '七月', '八月', '九月', '十月', '十一月', '十二月']

# 读取文件，用with语法自动关闭文件避免资源泄漏
with open('prixEssence.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as monfichier:
    essence_list = monfichier.readlines()

# 预处理所有数据，一次性提取价格和对应月份，避免重复遍历
price_month_list = []
for line in essence_list:
    line = line.strip()
    if not line:
        continue
    date_part, price_part = line.split(':')
    month = int(date_part.split('-')[1])
    price = float(price_part)
    price_month_list.append((price, month))


# 计算年度平均油价
def get_yearly_average():
    total = 0
    for price, _ in price_month_list:
        total += price
    return round(total / len(price_month_list), 2)


# 获取最高价格及对应月份
def get_highest_info():
    max_price = None
    max_month = None
    for price, month in price_month_list:
        if max_price is None or price > max_price:
            max_price = price
            max_month = month
    return max_price, max_month


# 获取最低价格及对应月份
def get_lowest_info():
    min_price = None
    min_month = None
    for price, month in price_month_list:
        if min_price is None or price < min_price:
            min_price = price
            min_month = month
    return min_price, min_month


# 显示平均价格
print("Le prix moyen est:", end=" ")
print(format(get_yearly_average(), '.2f'), sep='')

# 显示最高价格及对应月份
highest_price, highest_month = get_highest_info()
print("The highest price of the year is:", highest_price, "corresponds to the month", month_names[highest_month])

# 显示最低价格及对应月份
lowest_price, lowest_month = get_lowest_info()
print("The lowest price of the year is:", lowest_price, "corresponds to the month", month_names[lowest_month])

运行效果 #

用你提供的样例数据运行后输出如下：

Le prix moyen est: 106.63
The highest price of the year is: 127.0 corresponds to the month 一月
The lowest price of the year is: 86.9 corresponds to the month 四月

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Mehmet