如何在Azure DevOps Pipelines中遍历JSON文件并执行指定操作

方案1：编译时遍历（推荐） #

该方案性能最优，可直接使用Azure DevOps模板表达式的循环语法，前提是调整前端传参逻辑：

1. 修改前端TypeScript传参代码，不要将actions数组序列化，直接传结构化数组，ADO的object类型参数可直接接收结构化对象：

const value = {
  actionType: "Create",
  stage: "test",
  region: "North",
  version: "v753",
  customer: "Hans"
}

interface Action {
    readonly action: string;
    readonly config: typeof value;
}

const actions: Array<Action> = [];

for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) actions.push({
    action: `action(${i})`,
    config: value
})

// 直接传结构化数组，不做JSON序列化
const body = {
    templateParameters: {
        actions: actions
    }
}

2. Pipeline配置保持object类型参数，直接用each语法遍历即可，可直接读取对象内部字段：

name: Test-Deploy-$(Date:yyyyMMdd)-$(Date:hh-mm)$(Rev:.r)

pool:
  vmImage: ubuntu-latest

parameters:
- name: actions
  type: object
  default: []

stages:
  - stage: test_stage
    displayName: Test stage
    jobs:
      - job: test
        displayName: Test the values
        steps:
        - ${{ each action in parameters.actions}}:
          - task: PowerShell@2
            displayName: 执行${{ action.config.actionType }}操作（客户：${{ action.config.customer }}）
            inputs:
              targetType: 'inline'
              script: |
                Write-Host "操作标识：${{action.action}}"
                Write-Host "操作类型：${{action.config.actionType}}"
                Write-Host "部署环境：${{action.config.stage}}"
                Write-Host "部署区域：${{action.config.region}}"
                Write-Host "服务版本：${{action.config.version}}"
                Write-Host "所属客户：${{action.config.customer}}"
                # 此处添加调用AKS执行对应操作的逻辑

方案2：运行时遍历（兼容前端传序列化JSON的场景） #

如果无法修改前端传参逻辑，只能接收序列化后的JSON字符串，就通过脚本在Pipeline运行阶段解析遍历：

name: Test-Deploy-$(Date:yyyyMMdd)-$(Date:hh-mm)$(Rev:.r)

pool:
  vmImage: ubuntu-latest

parameters:
- name: actions
  type: string # 参数类型改为string接收JSON字符串
  default: ''

stages:
  - stage: test_stage
    displayName: Test stage
    jobs:
      - job: test
        displayName: Test the values
        steps:
          - task: PowerShell@2
            displayName: 批量执行操作
            inputs:
              targetType: 'inline'
              script: |
                # 解析传入的JSON字符串
                $actionList = ConvertFrom-Json '${{ parameters.actions }}'
                # 遍历执行所有操作
                foreach ($action in $actionList.actions) {
                  Write-Host "操作标识：$($action.action)"
                  Write-Host "操作类型：$($action.config.actionType)"
                  Write-Host "部署环境：$($action.config.stage)"
                  Write-Host "部署区域：$($action.config.region)"
                  Write-Host "服务版本：$($action.config.version)"
                  Write-Host "所属客户：$($action.config.customer)"
                  # 此处添加调用AKS执行对应操作的逻辑
                }

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Anders Olesen