如何绘制Jonathan A. Schwabish（JEP 2014）格式带时间变化线的堆叠柱状图

示例数据集 #

你提供的两个测试数据集如下：

df_input <- data.frame( Year= c(2010,2010,2010,2010,2020,2020,2020,2020), village= c("A","B","C","D","A","B","C","D"), share = c(40,30,20,10,30,30,25,15)) 

df_input_2 <- data.frame( Year= c(2010,2010,2010,2010,2015,2015,2015,2015,2020,2020,2020,2020), village= c("A","B","C","D","A","B","C","D"), share = c(40,30,20,10,30,30,25,15,20,10,30,40))

实现依赖 #

仅需安装加载ggplot2常用包即可，代码适配tidyverse最新版本。

核心规范适配点 #

完全遵循Jonathan A. Schwabish在JEP 2014中提出的可视化规范要求：

• 移除顶部、右侧多余边框，最小化非数据墨水占比
• 仅保留必要的浅色水平网格线，避免干扰主体数据展示
• 每个堆叠段直接标注数值，降低读者信息获取成本
• 配色选用色弱友好、黑白打印也可区分的色系
• 所有标签字体大小适配常规阅读场景，可读性强

完整实现代码 #

我们选用时间点更丰富的df_input_2作为绘制数据，代码如下：

library(ggplot2)

df <- df_input_2

ggplot(df, aes(x = as.factor(Year), y = share, fill = village)) +
  # 堆叠柱状图，白色细边框分隔不同村的柱段
  geom_col(position = "stack", color = "white", linewidth = 0.3) +
  # 堆叠趋势折线，对齐到柱段中心，和柱形位置完全匹配
  geom_line(aes(color = village, group = village), position = position_stack(vjust = 0.5), linewidth = 1) +
  # 柱段内部标注数值
  geom_text(aes(label = paste0(share, "%")), position = position_stack(vjust = 0.5), size = 3.5, color = "#1a1a1a") +
  # 极简主题调整
  theme_minimal() +
  theme(
    panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
    panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(),
    panel.grid.major.y = element_line(color = "#f0f0f0"),
    axis.line = element_line(color = "#333333"),
    axis.text = element_text(size = 10, color = "#333333"),
    axis.title = element_text(size = 11, color = "#333333"),
    legend.title = element_text(size = 11, color = "#333333"),
    legend.position = "bottom",
    plot.margin = margin(10, 10, 10, 10, unit = "pt")
  ) +
  labs(
    x = "年份",
    y = "占比（%）",
    fill = "村庄",
    color = "村庄"
  ) +
  scale_y_continuous(limits = c(0, 100), breaks = seq(0, 100, 20)) +
  scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Set2") +
  scale_color_brewer(palette = "Set2")

关键参数说明 #

• position_stack(vjust = 0.5)：保证折线和数值标签都对齐到对应堆叠柱段的中心，不会出现和柱形错位的问题
• 配色选用Set2调色板，不同村庄的色块、折线区分度足够，同时适配彩色显示和黑白打印场景
• 折线宽度调整为1，比柱段边框更粗，保证趋势走向清晰可辨

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Fuser