Spring Boot生产者发消息时RabbitMQ无法自动创建队列如何解决？

问题根因 #

• 你的msgConfiguration配置类没有添加@Configuration注解，Spring启动时不会扫描加载类中声明的队列、交换机、绑定相关的@Bean实例，RabbitMQ服务端自然不会收到资源创建请求。
• 项目配置文件application.properties中缺少RabbitMQ服务端的基础连接配置，Spring Boot无法和RabbitMQ建立通信，无法完成队列自动创建。

修复方案 #

1. 修改RabbitMQ配置类，添加配置类注解和Rabbit启用注解：

package com.hariri_stocks.MQ;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.EnableRabbit;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.Jackson2JsonMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.MessageConverter;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
@EnableRabbit
public class msgConfiguration {
    public static final String ROUTING_KEY1 = "routingKey1";
    public static final String STOCKS_EXCHANGE = "stocks_exchange";
    public static final String STOCKS_QUEUE = "stocks_queue";
    
    @Bean
    public Queue queue() {
        return new Queue(STOCKS_QUEUE , false);
    }
    
    @Bean
    public TopicExchange exchange() {
        return new TopicExchange(STOCKS_EXCHANGE );
    }
    
    @Bean
    public Binding binding() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue()).to(exchange()).with(ROUTING_KEY1);
    }
    
    @Bean
    public MessageConverter converter() {
        return new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();
    }

    @Bean
    public AmqpTemplate template(ConnectionFactory cf) {
        final RabbitTemplate rt = new RabbitTemplate(cf);
        rt.setMessageConverter(converter());
        return rt;
    }
}

2. 在application.properties中添加RabbitMQ连接配置：

# 原有配置保留，新增以下配置
spring.rabbitmq.host=localhost
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
# 开启RabbitMQ资源自动创建
spring.rabbitmq.dynamic=true

3. 可选优化：如果不需要等待消费者返回结果，将convertSendAndReceive改为convertAndSend，避免接口阻塞等待响应。

template.convertAndSend(msgConfiguration.STOCKS_EXCHANGE, msgConfiguration.ROUTING_KEY1,m);

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者muhammad